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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (327) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

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Geography Geographic index

Ethnic origin (101)^{Footnote 1}

Age groups (10)

This table details ethnic origin , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Oshawa
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 28.3 %
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (327)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^{Footnote 3}	285,520	138,545	146,980
Married or living with a common-law partner	169,255	84,430	84,830
Married (and not separated)	143,920	71,780	72,140
Living common law	25,335	12,650	12,685
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	116,265	54,115	62,150
Single (never legally married)	76,690	41,285	35,400
Separated	10,115	4,075	6,040
Divorced	16,305	6,360	9,940
Widowed	13,160	2,395	10,760
Total - Census family status^{Footnote 4}	351,685	172,320	179,370
Married spouses	142,775	71,325	71,455
Common-law partners	25,335	12,650	12,690
Lone parents	18,415	3,570	14,845
Children in census families	120,905	64,390	56,510
Persons not in census families^{Footnote 5}	44,260	20,385	23,875
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^{Footnote 6}	347,700	170,140	177,565
Non-movers	310,280	151,275	159,005
Movers	37,425	18,865	18,560
Non-migrants	17,980	9,060	8,915
Migrants	19,445	9,805	9,645
Internal migrants	18,305	9,285	9,020
Intraprovincial migrants	17,095	8,650	8,445
Interprovincial migrants	1,210	635	570
External migrants	1,140	515	625
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^{Footnote 7}	330,840	161,855	168,980
Non-movers	211,510	103,585	107,920
Movers	119,330	58,275	61,060
Non-migrants	56,875	27,810	29,060
Migrants	62,460	30,465	32,000
Internal migrants	58,245	28,590	29,660
Intraprovincial migrants	54,785	26,810	27,970
Interprovincial migrants	3,460	1,775	1,685
External migrants	4,220	1,880	2,340
Total population by mother tongue^{Footnote 8}	351,690	172,320	179,370
English	307,790	151,050	156,735
French	6,125	2,835	3,285
Non-official language	34,565	16,800	17,760
English and French	265	120	150
English and non-official language	2,810	1,445	1,370
French and non-official language	125	60	65
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by language spoken most often at home^{Footnote 9}	351,690	172,320	179,370
English	331,860	162,830	169,030
French	2,185	995	1,195
Non-official language	12,530	6,070	6,460
English and French	310	190	120
English and non-official language	4,710	2,200	2,510
French and non-official language	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	45	0	35
Total population by knowledge of official languages^{Footnote 10}	351,685	172,320	179,370
English only	325,985	161,570	164,420
French only	295	115	185
English and French	24,145	10,160	13,980
Neither English nor French	1,265	475	785
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^{Footnote 11}	202,225	102,985	99,240
English	199,885	102,105	97,780
French	925	275	645
Non-official language	405	220	185
Aboriginal	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	410	220	185
English and French	565	240	325
English and non-official language	430	140	295
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by citizenship^{Footnote 12}	351,690	172,320	179,370
Canadian citizens	342,510	168,010	174,495
Canadian citizens only	335,145	164,300	170,850
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	7,360	3,710	3,650
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 13}	9,185	4,310	4,870
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^{Footnote 14}	56,170	27,025	29,150
Under 5 years	7,475	3,855	3,615
5 to 14 years	11,770	6,030	5,740
15 to 24 years	14,545	6,500	8,050
25 to 44 years	19,865	9,535	10,330
45 years and over	2,515	1,100	1,410
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^{Footnote 15}	351,690	172,320	179,370
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 16}	294,415	144,745	149,670
Born in province of residence	263,535	129,985	133,550
Born outside province of residence	30,880	14,760	16,120
Immigrants^{Footnote 17}	56,170	27,025	29,150
Americas	12,215	5,500	6,715
United States	2,025	790	1,235
Jamaica	3,130	1,330	1,795
Guyana	1,715	815	895
Haiti	55	25	35
Mexico	235	80	150
Trinidad and Tobago	1,950	955	1,000
Colombia	260	130	130
El Salvador	185	90	95
Peru	110	50	55
Chile	165	75	85
Other places of birth in Americas	2,395	1,155	1,240
Europe	29,390	14,465	14,925
United Kingdom^{Footnote 18}	13,210	6,365	6,845
Italy	2,260	1,295	965
Germany	1,885	970	920
Poland	2,455	1,075	1,390
Portugal	1,080	530	550
Netherlands	1,800	980	820
France	190	95	90
Romania	560	235	325
Russian Federation	425	200	225
Greece	710	390	320
Ukraine	455	160	290
Croatia	280	175	110
Hungary	565	285	285
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80	60	20
Serbia	345	205	145
Ireland, Republic of	760	285	475
Other places of birth in Europe	2,330	1,170	1,165
Africa	2,360	1,255	1,105
Morocco	30	25	0
Algeria	10	10	0
Egypt	390	215	180
South Africa, Republic of	400	210	190
Nigeria	335	185	155
Ethiopia	75	55	25
Kenya	205	85	120
Other places of birth in Africa	895	475	420
Asia	11,920	5,660	6,265
India	2,035	1,075	965
China^{Footnote 19}	1,350	570	780
Philippines	2,535	1,000	1,535
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	485	245	240
Viet Nam^{Footnote 20}	395	135	260
Pakistan	1,210	655	550
Sri Lanka	750	360	385
Iran^{Footnote 21}	380	225	155
Korea, South^{Footnote 22}	490	280	210
Lebanon	260	125	130
Taiwan	45	10	35
Iraq	145	65	75
Bangladesh	210	115	95
Afghanistan	570	300	270
Japan	40	0	25
Turkey	50	25	20
Other places of birth in Asia	970	450	525
Oceania and other^{Footnote 23}	285	145	140
Fiji	30	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 24}	255	125	130
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 25}	1,100	550	550
Total population in private households by generation status^{Footnote 26}	351,690	172,320	179,370
First generation^{Footnote 27}	57,915	27,920	30,000
Second generation^{Footnote 28}	76,775	38,155	38,615
Third generation or more^{Footnote 29}	217,000	106,250	110,755
Total population by selected religions^{Footnote 30}	351,690	172,320	179,370
Buddhist	1,185	570	620
Christian	243,915	114,450	129,465
Anglican	28,035	12,735	15,305
Baptist	8,200	3,665	4,535
Catholic	104,475	50,320	54,160
Christian Orthodox	5,465	2,625	2,835
Lutheran	2,715	1,230	1,475
Pentecostal	9,370	4,365	5,015
Presbyterian	8,340	3,835	4,505
United Church	41,490	18,500	22,995
Other Christian	35,815	17,170	18,645
Hindu	2,935	1,515	1,420
Jewish	980	555	420
Muslim	5,685	2,860	2,825
Sikh	460	230	230
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	60	35	25
Other religions	1,060	360	700
No religious affiliation	95,410	51,745	43,665
Total population in private households by visible minority	351,690	172,320	179,370
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 31}	41,620	20,295	21,325
South Asian^{Footnote 32}	9,195	4,500	4,695
Chinese	3,920	1,885	2,030
Black	14,015	7,000	7,015
Filipino	4,155	1,720	2,435
Latin American	2,345	1,155	1,190
Arab	1,275	635	640
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 33}	875	400	475
West Asian^{Footnote 34}	1,095	490	605
Korean	700	405	290
Japanese	485	235	250
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 35}	1,615	825	795
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 36}	1,950	1,045	900
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 37}	310,070	152,030	158,040
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	351,690	172,320	179,370
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 38}	6,090	3,065	3,030
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 39}	3,655	1,755	1,900
Métis single identity	2,025	1,125	900
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	125	55	75
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 40}	35	15	15
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 41}	255	115	135
Non-Aboriginal identity	345,595	169,255	176,340
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	194,630	93,720	100,910
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,675	10,710	8,970
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	54,095	26,590	27,510
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	120,860	56,430	64,430
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	16,215	11,255	4,960
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	59,720	25,565	34,155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	6,870	3,020	3,855
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	38,055	16,590	21,460
Bachelor's degree	25,590	11,070	14,515
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	12,465	5,520	6,945
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	285,520	138,545	146,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	137,970	68,280	69,690
Education	10,660	2,630	8,025
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,540	2,740	2,805
Humanities	6,560	2,595	3,970
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,600	4,585	12,010
Business, management and public administration	31,890	11,940	19,950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,585	2,310	2,275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,985	3,885	2,100
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	31,590	29,370	2,225
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,010	1,115	890
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	21,685	3,360	18,325
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,425	5,725	4,700
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	20	0	15
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^{Footnote 52}	285,520	138,545	146,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	137,970	68,275	69,690
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	147,550	70,270	77,290
Location of study inside Canada	130,725	61,370	69,355
Same as province or territory of residence	122,420	57,230	65,190
Another province or territory	8,305	4,145	4,160
Location of study outside Canada	16,825	8,895	7,935
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^{Footnote 53}	285,525	138,540	146,975
In the labour force	194,075	98,995	95,080
Employed	176,850	90,000	86,845
Unemployed	17,225	8,990	8,235
Not in the labour force	91,450	39,550	51,895
Participation rate	68.0	71.5	64.7
Employment rate	61.9	65.0	59.1
Unemployment rate	8.9	9.1	8.7
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^{Footnote 54}	194,070	98,995	95,080
Class of worker - not applicable^{Footnote 55}	5,775	2,685	3,090
All classes of worker^{Footnote 56}	188,300	96,310	91,990
Employee	173,445	87,225	86,215
Self-employed^{Footnote 57}	14,855	9,080	5,770
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 58}	194,075	98,990	95,080
Occupation - not applicable^{Footnote 59}	5,775	2,690	3,090
All occupations^{Footnote 60}	188,300	96,310	91,990
0 Management occupations	22,070	13,075	9,000
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	31,230	9,180	22,050
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,605	9,070	2,535
3 Health occupations	10,795	1,505	9,295
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	23,660	7,595	16,070
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,815	2,110	2,705
6 Sales and service occupations	44,210	18,305	25,910
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	27,580	25,955	1,620
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,450	1,975	475
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,875	7,540	2,330
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 61}	194,075	98,995	95,080
Industry - not applicable^{Footnote 62}	5,775	2,685	3,090
All industries^{Footnote 63}	188,295	96,310	91,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,270	735	535
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	155	55
22 Utilities	6,250	4,540	1,705
23 Construction	12,670	11,220	1,455
31-33 Manufacturing	18,615	13,920	4,690
41 Wholesale trade	8,825	5,880	2,945
44-45 Retail trade	22,840	10,255	12,585
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	8,600	6,800	1,800
51 Information and cultural industries	5,375	2,950	2,425
52 Finance and insurance	9,445	3,660	5,780
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,645	1,970	1,675
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,275	5,530	5,745
55 Management of companies and enterprises	130	80	50
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	9,090	5,030	4,060
61 Educational services	14,800	4,535	10,265
62 Health care and social assistance	20,320	2,740	17,585
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,875	1,910	1,960
72 Accommodation and food services	10,525	4,285	6,245
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,640	3,555	4,085
91 Public administration	12,890	6,560	6,330
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^{Footnote 64}	109,700	60,900	48,800
Median employment income in 2010 $	55,256	62,478	48,511
Average employment income in 2010 $	63,238	70,962	53,598
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^{Footnote 65}	285,525	138,545	146,980
Without income	16,580	7,495	9,090
With income	268,935	131,050	137,890
Under $5,000^{Footnote 66}	27,640	13,345	14,295
$5,000 to $9,999	19,050	6,585	12,465
$10,000 to $14,999	21,845	7,860	13,985
$15,000 to $19,999	19,690	6,935	12,750
$20,000 to $29,999	31,790	12,940	18,855
$30,000 to $39,999	30,515	14,220	16,295
$40,000 to $49,999	27,410	13,155	14,260
$50,000 to $59,999	22,350	11,955	10,390
$60,000 to $79,999	30,185	17,550	12,635
$80,000 to $99,999	19,420	12,150	7,260
$100,000 and over	19,050	14,350	4,695
$100,000 to $124,999	10,425	7,435	2,985
$125,000 and over	8,625	6,920	1,710
Median income $^{Footnote 67}	34,816	42,617	27,925
Average income $^{Footnote 68}	43,652	52,059	35,663
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^{Footnote 69}	285,520	138,545	146,975
Without after-tax income	16,660	7,495	9,170
With after-tax income	268,855	131,050	137,810
Under $5,000^{Footnote 70}	28,040	13,405	14,640
$5,000 to $9,999	19,510	6,690	12,820
$10,000 to $14,999	22,365	8,105	14,260
$15,000 to $19,999	21,225	7,540	13,685
$20,000 to $29,999	37,790	15,740	22,050
$30,000 to $39,999	37,580	17,910	19,675
$40,000 to $49,999	32,100	16,575	15,530
$50,000 to $59,999	22,980	13,065	9,915
$60,000 to $79,999	29,810	18,910	10,900
$80,000 to $99,999	10,490	7,615	2,875
$100,000 and over	6,960	5,500	1,460
Median after-tax income $^{Footnote 71}	31,522	37,752	25,704
Average after-tax income $^{Footnote 72}	36,434	42,537	30,631
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^{Footnote 73}	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^{Footnote 74}	88.7	91.5	84.8
Employment income %^{Footnote 75}	77.4	79.6	74.4
Wages and salaries %^{Footnote 76}	74.6	76.2	72.2
Self-employment income %^{Footnote 77}	2.9	3.4	2.2
Investment income %^{Footnote 78}	2.2	1.9	2.7
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^{Footnote 79}	7.2	8.3	5.8
Other money income %^{Footnote 80}	1.8	1.8	1.9
Government transfer payments %^{Footnote 81}	11.3	8.5	15.2
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^{Footnote 82}	3.1	2.7	3.8
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^{Footnote 83}	2.4	1.7	3.3
Employment Insurance benefits %^{Footnote 84}	1.5	1.2	2.0
Child benefits %^{Footnote 85}	1.4	0.1	3.1
Other income from government sources %^{Footnote 86}	2.9	2.8	3.0
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^{Footnote 87}	16.6	18.3	14.2
After-tax income as a % of total income^{Footnote 88}	83.4	81.7	85.8
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^{Footnote 89}	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^{Footnote 90}	351,690	172,320	179,370
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	351,690	172,315	179,365
Low-income population	37,630	16,985	20,645
Prevalence of low income %	10.7	9.9	11.5
Other population	314,060	155,335	158,725
Concept not applicable^{Footnote 91}	0	0	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the NHS.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 4

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

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Footnote 5

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

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Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 11

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

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Footnote 12

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 13

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 14

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 15

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 18

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 19

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 20

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 21

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 22

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 23

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 24

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 25

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 26

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 30

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

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Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 38

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 39

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 40

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 41

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 53

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 54

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 57

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 59

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 60

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Footnote 61

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 62

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 63

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Footnote 64

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 65

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 66

Including loss.

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Footnote 67

For population with income.

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Footnote 68

For population with income.

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Footnote 69

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 70

Including loss.

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Footnote 71

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 72

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 73

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 74

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

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Footnote 75

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

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Footnote 76

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

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Footnote 77

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 78

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

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Footnote 79

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

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Footnote 80

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

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Footnote 81

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

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Footnote 82

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

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Footnote 83

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 84

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

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Footnote 85

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

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Footnote 86

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

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Footnote 87

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

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Footnote 88

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

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Footnote 89

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

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Footnote 90

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 91

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011036.

Date modified:: 2019-01-23

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