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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in AlbertaFootnote 2
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 3 = 27.4 %
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60) Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
Total - Income statistics in 2010Footnote 4 Without income With income Median incomeFootnote 5 Average incomeFootnote 6 Without after-tax income With after-tax income Median after-tax incomeFootnote 7 Average after-tax incomeFootnote 8 Total - Employment income statistics in 2010Footnote 9 With employment income Median employment incomeFootnote 10 Average employment incomeFootnote 11 With wages and salaries Median wages and salariesFootnote 12 Average wages and salariesFootnote 13
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity 2,888,740 137,995 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,330 32,847 41,962 2,888,735 2,183,915 39,100 52,159 2,039,640 40,692 53,736
Aboriginal identityFootnote 14 154,130 14,435 139,695 23,013 35,437 14,445 139,680 22,163 30,525 154,130 100,650 29,925 40,230 97,090 30,078 40,699
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 15 77,320 8,950 68,370 18,478 29,611 8,950 68,370 18,288 26,382 77,320 43,890 26,637 36,308 42,845 26,905 36,554
Métis single identity 71,710 5,180 66,535 29,132 41,245 5,185 66,520 27,027 34,671 71,710 52,945 33,156 43,536 50,640 33,853 44,230
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 1,490 130 1,360 30,185 40,304 130 1,355 27,186 33,952 1,490 1,170 30,171 40,261 1,125 34,027 41,321
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 16 1,235 80 1,160 29,316 33,772 75 1,160 25,899 29,610 1,235 845 30,348 33,900 815 31,222 34,104
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 17 2,375 105 2,270 23,293 38,606 100 2,275 22,622 32,246 2,375 1,795 30,020 41,579 1,665 32,743 42,823
Non-Aboriginal identity 2,734,610 123,560 2,611,045 37,057 51,786 123,960 2,610,650 33,410 42,574 2,734,605 2,083,260 39,640 52,735 1,942,550 41,303 54,388
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 18 2,888,735 138,000 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,335 32,847 41,962 2,888,735 2,183,915 39,100 52,159 2,039,635 40,692 53,736
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 19 71,715 8,470 63,245 17,951 28,849 8,470 63,245 17,768 25,853 71,710 39,600 26,132 35,898 38,720 26,427 36,074
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 2,817,025 129,530 2,687,495 36,820 51,476 129,935 2,687,090 33,223 42,341 2,817,025 2,144,315 39,433 52,459 2,000,915 41,057 54,078
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 20 2,888,740 138,000 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,335 32,847 41,962 2,888,735 2,183,915 39,100 52,159 2,039,640 40,692 53,736
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 21 183,465 16,050 167,415 25,395 37,773 16,060 167,400 24,119 32,258 183,460 125,315 31,423 41,855 120,360 32,112 42,458
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 22 121,885 11,690 110,195 22,592 34,812 11,700 110,190 21,829 30,147 121,885 78,100 29,705 39,998 75,285 30,044 40,540
Métis ancestry 66,840 4,915 61,925 31,310 43,046 4,925 61,920 28,960 36,047 66,840 50,655 34,844 44,776 48,425 35,428 45,462
Inuit ancestry 2,265 165 2,095 30,143 43,800 165 2,100 27,161 36,559 2,265 1,770 31,673 44,168 1,705 31,720 44,732
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 23 2,705,275 121,950 2,583,320 37,030 51,810 122,345 2,582,930 33,384 42,591 2,705,275 2,058,595 39,647 52,786 1,919,280 41,330 54,443
Total - Generation statusFootnote 24 2,888,735 137,995 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,335 32,847 41,962 2,888,740 2,183,910 39,100 52,159 2,039,640 40,692 53,736
First generationFootnote 25 657,850 34,695 623,155 32,009 46,295 34,860 622,990 29,576 38,689 657,850 467,020 36,026 49,446 437,690 37,464 50,615
Second generationFootnote 26 520,345 23,265 497,080 35,463 51,294 23,340 497,010 32,296 42,325 520,345 360,670 38,424 52,083 326,985 41,480 54,773
Third generation or moreFootnote 27 1,710,540 80,030 1,630,505 38,492 52,634 80,210 1,630,335 34,395 43,101 1,710,540 1,356,220 40,192 53,114 1,274,960 41,987 54,542
Total - Population by visible minorityFootnote 28 2,888,735 137,995 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,330 32,847 41,962 2,888,735 2,183,910 39,100 52,159 2,039,640 40,692 53,736
Total visible minority populationFootnote 29 504,620 36,865 467,755 29,325 41,073 36,985 467,635 27,296 34,766 504,620 370,990 33,356 44,204 355,265 34,045 44,628
South AsianFootnote 30 117,620 8,845 108,770 28,299 42,384 8,910 108,705 26,528 35,657 117,620 84,610 32,064 45,384 80,020 33,399 46,044
Chinese 110,590 6,470 104,120 29,508 44,033 6,515 104,075 27,506 36,946 110,590 77,460 36,860 49,283 74,295 37,668 49,768
Black 51,405 4,065 47,340 30,060 39,533 4,065 47,340 28,201 33,740 51,405 38,680 33,012 41,594 37,315 33,697 42,042
Filipino 83,545 6,400 77,145 32,143 38,604 6,405 77,140 29,329 33,208 83,540 67,865 33,216 39,661 66,715 33,355 39,687
Latin American 33,375 2,605 30,765 31,624 42,192 2,605 30,770 29,225 35,694 33,375 25,865 34,460 45,124 24,535 35,039 45,756
Arab 24,430 2,150 22,280 22,652 37,895 2,145 22,285 22,015 32,153 24,430 15,995 30,031 44,043 14,805 31,522 44,356
Southeast AsianFootnote 31 32,695 2,075 30,620 28,729 38,622 2,075 30,620 26,639 32,872 32,695 24,035 33,268 42,500 22,885 34,199 43,114
West AsianFootnote 32 12,060 1,070 10,995 22,832 37,626 1,075 10,990 21,910 32,013 12,065 8,345 27,529 42,360 7,850 29,206 42,846
Korean 12,115 1,385 10,730 21,797 33,092 1,390 10,725 20,896 28,506 12,110 8,115 26,368 36,669 7,670 26,374 37,028
Japanese 9,750 370 9,375 31,430 47,696 380 9,375 28,972 39,291 9,750 7,175 33,504 48,643 6,805 34,841 49,334
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 33 4,675 440 4,240 30,398 44,470 435 4,240 28,079 37,061 4,680 3,515 37,075 47,429 3,355 38,175 47,704
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 34 12,365 990 11,375 29,686 38,515 985 11,375 27,571 32,817 12,365 9,320 32,173 40,865 9,015 32,967 41,511
Not a visible minorityFootnote 35 2,384,120 101,135 2,282,985 37,989 52,981 101,425 2,282,700 34,067 43,436 2,384,120 1,812,920 40,283 53,787 1,684,370 42,470 55,657
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 36 2,888,735 138,000 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,330 32,847 41,962 2,888,735 2,183,915 39,100 52,159 2,039,635 40,692 53,736
Non-immigrantsFootnote 37 2,239,430 103,765 2,135,665 37,838 52,321 104,010 2,135,420 33,929 42,920 2,239,435 1,723,950 40,036 52,897 1,608,720 41,908 54,582
ImmigrantsFootnote 38 596,100 30,950 565,155 32,876 46,888 31,110 564,990 30,266 39,216 596,100 419,935 37,041 49,923 391,795 38,737 51,288
Before 1981 176,230 2,315 173,920 35,834 54,777 2,380 173,850 32,610 45,255 176,230 103,900 42,891 60,002 91,800 47,227 64,524
1981 to 1990 86,190 1,420 84,770 37,974 50,109 1,430 84,755 34,242 41,885 86,185 66,780 42,882 54,115 62,250 44,644 55,480
1991 to 2000 121,830 4,300 117,525 31,790 43,637 4,325 117,505 29,500 36,811 121,825 93,965 36,071 46,883 88,190 37,539 48,059
2001 to 2009 180,875 11,910 168,960 30,005 41,368 11,960 168,915 27,831 34,918 180,875 139,700 33,036 44,265 134,390 33,548 44,431
2001 to 2005 97,815 6,135 91,685 32,042 43,795 6,185 91,635 29,630 36,777 97,820 76,095 35,037 46,613 72,790 35,918 47,000
2006 to 2009 83,055 5,775 77,280 27,755 38,488 5,775 77,275 26,007 32,715 83,055 63,605 30,707 41,455 61,595 30,848 41,396
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 39 2,888,735 138,000 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,335 32,847 41,962 2,888,735 2,183,910 39,100 52,159 2,039,635 40,692 53,736
English 2,206,720 100,560 2,106,155 38,383 53,238 100,800 2,105,915 34,351 43,571 2,206,720 1,710,770 40,173 53,645 1,598,685 42,125 55,328
French 58,965 1,605 57,360 41,668 55,672 1,615 57,350 36,748 45,455 58,965 44,605 45,821 58,142 41,065 48,314 60,062
Non-official language 587,020 33,135 553,890 29,561 42,362 33,285 553,740 27,574 35,894 587,020 402,405 34,224 45,718 375,075 35,799 46,841
Aboriginal 20,540 1,690 18,850 17,096 24,947 1,690 18,850 17,044 23,396 20,540 9,385 27,147 33,675 9,220 27,203 33,747
Non-Aboriginal 566,485 31,445 535,040 30,065 42,975 31,590 534,895 28,046 36,334 566,485 393,020 34,488 46,005 365,850 35,963 47,171
English and French 2,420 155 2,270 42,444 51,271 150 2,265 38,613 42,669 2,420 1,835 45,944 52,630 1,760 47,986 54,034
English and non-official language 31,985 2,465 29,520 29,033 40,571 2,475 29,515 27,081 34,338 31,985 23,190 32,087 42,893 22,010 33,502 43,909
French and non-official language 1,345 55 1,295 36,639 45,960 55 1,295 33,255 38,766 1,350 960 43,464 51,616 910 44,608 53,320
English, French and non-official language 275 25 255 23,247 36,486 25 250 23,247 31,794 270 150 24,675 38,334 145 24,316 37,985
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 40 2,888,735 138,000 2,750,740 36,306 50,956 138,405 2,750,330 32,847 41,962 2,888,735 2,183,915 39,100 52,159 2,039,635 40,692 53,736
English 2,791,505 133,325 2,658,185 36,609 51,213 133,695 2,657,810 33,081 42,154 2,791,505 2,123,265 39,138 52,193 1,983,350 40,738 53,777
French 56,670 1,680 54,990 41,825 55,642 1,690 54,980 36,916 45,410 56,670 43,025 46,067 58,107 39,835 48,364 59,718
English and French 9,210 885 8,325 26,079 40,275 885 8,325 24,560 34,205 9,205 6,665 30,036 42,621 6,265 31,401 43,082
Neither English nor French 31,355 2,115 29,240 17,537 21,830 2,135 29,215 17,394 20,194 31,355 10,965 22,229 27,947 10,185 23,145 28,865

Symbol(s)

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not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

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too unreliable to be published

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Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 5

For population with income.

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Footnote 6

For population with income.

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Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 8

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 9

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 11

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 13

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 14

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.


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Footnote 16

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 17

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 18

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 19

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 20

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 22

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 23

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 24

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 28

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 29

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 30

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 36

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 37

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 38

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 39

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 40

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.

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