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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Alberta^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 27.4 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 4	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 7	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 8}	2,888,740	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,795	56,940
Male	1,445,815	1,102,950	342,865	1,238,170	207,645	1,397,925	47,895
Female	1,442,920	1,313,490	129,430	1,385,030	57,890	1,433,875	9,040
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 9}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,540	2,831,800	56,940
15 to 24 years	490,080	483,685	6,390	487,595	2,480	489,975	105
25 to 54 years	1,625,915	1,277,290	348,620	1,432,495	193,420	1,587,185	38,730
25 to 34 years	557,605	479,550	78,060	520,935	36,665	553,770	3,835
35 to 44 years	513,580	389,350	124,225	444,615	68,965	500,610	12,970
45 to 54 years	554,730	408,395	146,340	466,945	87,790	532,805	21,930
55 to 64 years	409,420	317,940	91,475	354,635	54,785	395,760	13,655
65 years and over	363,325	337,520	25,810	348,475	14,850	358,875	4,450
65 to 74 years	213,780	194,905	18,870	202,910	10,870	210,505	3,275
75 years and over	149,550	142,615	6,935	145,565	3,985	148,375	1,175
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 10}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,800	56,940
Married or living with a common-law partner	1,744,745	1,375,955	368,790	1,530,695	214,045	1,696,405	48,335
Married (and not separated)	1,474,350	1,149,370	324,980	1,283,200	191,150	1,429,515	44,835
Living common law	270,390	226,580	43,805	247,495	22,890	266,890	3,500
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	1,143,995	1,040,485	103,510	1,092,505	51,490	1,135,395	8,605
Single (never legally married)	800,885	747,300	53,585	776,020	24,865	797,515	3,370
Separated	65,925	54,740	11,180	59,505	6,420	64,690	1,230
Divorced	172,375	141,040	31,330	156,010	16,360	169,325	3,050
Widowed	104,815	97,405	7,415	100,975	3,845	103,855	960
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 11}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,540	2,831,795	56,940
Total persons in households with at least one census family	2,366,785	1,969,070	397,710	2,138,960	227,815	2,316,400	50,380
Married spouses, common-law partners	1,717,215	1,352,305	364,915	1,505,490	211,730	1,669,510	47,705
Lone parents	140,385	120,400	19,980	130,340	10,035	138,570	1,810
Children in families with two parents present	312,125	308,065	4,060	310,390	1,735	311,850	275
Children in families with one parent present	110,725	107,850	2,875	109,445	1,275	110,555	165
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	42,955	40,665	2,290	41,790	1,170	42,770	185
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	43,375	39,780	3,595	41,500	1,875	43,140	235
Total persons in non-census family households	521,960	447,370	74,590	484,240	37,720	515,400	6,560
Living with relatives^{Footnote 13}	32,745	29,885	2,865	31,480	1,270	32,620	130
Living with non-relatives only	147,945	134,390	13,545	141,115	6,825	147,125	815
Living alone	341,265	283,090	58,175	311,640	29,625	335,655	5,610
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 14}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,795	56,940
Economic family persons	2,356,155	1,959,175	396,980	2,128,940	227,215	2,305,875	50,275
Couple family	2,058,755	1,688,635	370,120	1,844,695	214,060	2,010,650	48,105
Couple only	737,670	608,125	129,545	664,510	73,160	721,700	15,965
Couple with children	1,288,840	1,052,370	236,465	1,150,185	138,655	1,257,075	31,765
Couple with other relatives only	32,250	28,140	4,110	30,005	2,250	31,870	375
Lone-parent family	238,425	216,290	22,130	227,345	11,080	236,465	1,960
Female-parent family	182,885	170,360	12,520	177,430	5,455	182,145	735
Female-parent family with no other relatives	167,870	156,000	11,870	162,720	5,150	167,185	685
Male-parent family	55,540	45,930	9,610	49,915	5,625	54,320	1,220
Male-parent family with no other relatives	52,125	42,830	9,295	46,635	5,495	50,920	1,200
Other economic family^{Footnote 15}	58,975	54,250	4,730	56,900	2,075	58,765	210
Persons not in an economic family	532,580	457,260	75,320	494,260	38,325	525,920	6,660
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,800	56,940
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 16}	154,130	140,380	13,745	146,975	7,150	153,005	1,120
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 17}	77,320	72,600	4,720	74,895	2,425	77,000	320
Métis single identity	71,715	63,185	8,525	67,230	4,485	70,965	745
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	1,485	1,335	155	1,385	100	1,470	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 18}	1,235	1,180	60	1,205	35	1,225	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 19}	2,370	2,080	295	2,270	105	2,345	30
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,734,605	2,276,055	458,555	2,476,225	258,385	2,678,795	55,820
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 20}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,295	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,800	56,935
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 21}	71,715	67,550	4,165	69,640	2,075	71,375	340
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,817,025	2,348,890	468,135	2,553,560	263,465	2,760,425	56,600
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,800	56,940
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 23}	183,460	164,680	18,780	173,600	9,865	181,870	1,595
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 24}	121,885	111,395	10,490	116,275	5,610	121,010	880
Métis ancestry	66,840	58,025	8,820	62,335	4,510	66,075	765
Inuit ancestry	2,265	1,980	290	2,045	225	2,225	40
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 25}	2,705,275	2,251,760	453,520	2,449,600	255,675	2,649,930	55,345
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 26}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,540	2,831,795	56,940
First generation^{Footnote 27}	657,850	570,150	87,700	607,475	50,370	646,355	11,495
Second generation^{Footnote 28}	520,345	436,880	83,470	474,150	46,200	509,540	10,810
Third generation or more^{Footnote 29}	1,710,545	1,409,410	301,130	1,541,570	168,970	1,675,905	34,635
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 30}	2,888,740	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,540	2,831,800	56,940
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 31}	504,615	448,780	55,835	473,945	30,670	498,820	5,800
South Asian^{Footnote 32}	117,620	103,850	13,765	109,555	8,065	115,850	1,770
Chinese	110,585	95,275	15,310	101,920	8,670	108,870	1,715
Black	51,400	46,195	5,210	48,820	2,585	51,040	365
Filipino	83,540	76,565	6,980	80,385	3,155	83,150	390
Latin American	33,375	29,670	3,705	31,145	2,230	33,005	370
Arab	24,430	22,020	2,405	22,960	1,470	24,065	365
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 33}	32,695	29,655	3,040	31,145	1,550	32,490	205
West Asian^{Footnote 34}	12,065	10,825	1,235	11,375	695	11,920	150
Korean	12,115	11,185	930	11,585	525	12,025	85
Japanese	9,750	8,325	1,420	8,955	795	9,525	225
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 35}	4,680	4,060	620	4,360	320	4,595	85
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 36}	12,365	11,155	1,210	11,745	615	12,295	70
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 37}	2,384,120	1,967,655	416,465	2,149,255	234,865	2,332,975	51,140
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 38}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,295	2,623,200	265,540	2,831,795	56,940
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 39}	2,239,430	1,853,125	386,310	2,023,260	216,175	2,193,815	45,615
Immigrants^{Footnote 40}	596,100	514,560	81,545	549,530	46,570	585,820	10,285
Before 1981	176,230	146,020	30,215	158,460	17,770	171,705	4,525
1981 to 1990	86,190	72,170	14,025	78,370	7,825	84,580	1,610
1991 to 2000	121,825	106,460	15,370	113,580	8,245	120,050	1,780
2001 to 2009	180,875	160,360	20,515	168,935	11,940	178,650	2,225
2001 to 2005	97,820	85,235	12,590	90,545	7,275	96,430	1,390
2006 to 2009	83,055	75,125	7,930	78,390	4,660	82,220	835
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 41}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,540	2,831,800	56,940
English	2,206,720	1,817,900	388,820	1,987,595	219,125	2,159,185	47,535
French	58,965	47,490	11,475	52,800	6,165	57,820	1,145
Non-official language	587,020	519,005	68,015	548,940	38,080	579,255	7,770
Aboriginal	20,540	19,715	825	20,170	370	20,480	65
Non-Aboriginal	566,485	499,290	67,195	528,770	37,715	558,780	7,705
English and French	2,420	2,005	415	2,235	185	2,380	40
English and non-official language	31,985	28,630	3,355	30,120	1,870	31,560	430
French and non-official language	1,345	1,180	170	1,245	105	1,330	15
English, French and non-official language	275	235	40	265	0	270	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 42}	2,888,735	2,416,435	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,800	56,940
English	2,791,505	2,331,980	459,520	2,532,870	258,635	2,735,800	55,705
French	56,670	45,590	11,075	50,735	5,940	55,630	1,040
English and French	9,205	8,155	1,055	8,595	615	9,085	125
Neither English nor French	31,350	30,710	645	31,010	345	31,280	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 43}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,295	2,623,200	265,540	2,831,795	56,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	550,465	522,970	27,495	536,630	13,835	548,345	2,120
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 44}	764,390	697,150	67,235	728,500	35,890	758,030	6,360
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 45}	1,573,885	1,196,315	377,565	1,358,070	215,815	1,525,425	48,460
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	970,845	782,560	188,285	866,730	104,110	954,520	16,330
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 46}	318,285	246,920	71,360	278,465	39,820	312,990	5,290
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	530,095	437,100	92,995	479,000	51,095	521,685	8,415
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	122,465	98,535	23,925	109,265	13,200	119,845	2,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	603,040	413,755	189,280	491,335	111,700	570,905	32,130
Bachelor's degree	418,180	298,395	119,785	351,790	66,390	399,910	18,270
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 48}	184,855	115,365	69,495	139,545	45,310	170,995	13,865
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 49}	2,888,740	2,416,435	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,795	56,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 50}	1,314,850	1,220,120	94,735	1,265,130	49,725	1,306,375	8,480
Education	120,550	91,650	28,900	112,100	8,450	119,595	955
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45,065	40,335	4,725	42,780	2,280	44,680	380
Humanities	64,505	55,175	9,330	59,580	4,925	63,485	1,015
Social and behavioural sciences and law	130,730	103,825	26,905	114,355	16,375	125,920	4,810
Business, management and public administration	323,075	253,390	69,690	279,565	43,515	311,425	11,650
Physical and life sciences and technologies	62,865	44,850	18,010	51,325	11,535	59,465	3,400
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,890	41,115	12,780	46,880	7,015	52,885	1,005
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	421,240	279,675	141,565	332,960	88,280	403,200	18,045
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40,875	32,470	8,405	36,345	4,535	40,280	600
Health and related fields^{Footnote 51}	229,150	183,785	45,365	206,555	22,605	223,280	5,875
Personal, protective and transportation services	81,860	69,965	11,890	75,570	6,290	81,135	730
Other fields of study^{Footnote 52}	80	65	0	65	0	80	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 53}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,795	56,940
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 54}	629,365	613,290	16,075	620,720	8,650	627,005	2,360
All industries^{Footnote 55}	2,259,370	1,803,150	456,225	2,002,480	256,890	2,204,790	54,580
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	66,250	61,060	5,195	63,520	2,730	65,710	540
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	143,470	69,000	74,470	89,350	54,120	128,585	14,885
22 Utilities	22,955	11,755	11,205	15,890	7,070	21,700	1,255
23 Construction	209,290	164,510	44,780	184,545	24,750	205,010	4,280
31-33 Manufacturing	130,555	99,215	31,335	112,165	18,390	127,565	2,995
41 Wholesale trade	93,300	68,925	24,380	78,760	14,540	90,195	3,110
44-45 Retail trade	254,825	237,350	17,475	245,485	9,345	253,230	1,595
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	110,905	91,085	19,820	100,015	10,885	109,130	1,775
51 Information and cultural industries	38,100	30,290	7,810	34,050	4,055	37,325	780
52 Finance and insurance	73,195	56,470	16,725	62,585	10,605	69,775	3,415
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	43,480	34,645	8,835	38,060	5,415	42,205	1,275
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	174,560	121,960	52,600	140,720	33,840	165,900	8,660
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,735	1,895	845	2,115	620	2,465	270
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	81,420	74,335	7,090	77,430	3,990	80,690	735
61 Educational services	154,760	115,335	39,425	141,425	13,335	153,285	1,470
62 Health care and social assistance	221,140	182,445	38,695	203,350	17,790	216,450	4,690
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	47,855	45,405	2,450	46,555	1,300	47,590	260
72 Accommodation and food services	142,275	138,785	3,485	140,635	1,635	141,940	330
81 Other services (except public administration)	110,345	98,380	11,970	104,290	6,065	109,535	810
91 Public administration	137,945	100,315	37,630	121,535	16,410	136,505	1,440
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 56}	2,888,735	2,416,440	472,300	2,623,200	265,535	2,831,800	56,940
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 57}	629,370	613,290	16,080	620,720	8,650	627,005	2,360
All occupations^{Footnote 58}	2,259,370	1,803,150	456,220	2,002,480	256,890	2,204,790	54,580
0 Management occupations	259,500	163,925	95,580	193,755	65,745	240,920	18,585
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	376,395	320,575	55,820	344,790	31,605	369,515	6,880
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	176,440	103,320	73,120	131,625	44,820	166,485	9,960
3 Health occupations	133,035	99,490	33,550	117,175	15,865	128,230	4,805
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	230,230	171,455	58,775	206,950	23,280	225,680	4,550
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	52,090	48,745	3,345	50,425	1,665	51,755	330
6 Sales and service occupations	494,505	470,180	24,325	482,055	12,450	492,385	2,120
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	390,085	312,905	77,180	351,335	38,750	386,370	3,715
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	78,725	60,610	18,115	67,120	11,610	76,665	2,065
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	68,355	51,935	16,420	57,245	11,110	66,780	1,570

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 4

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 7

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 8

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 9

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 11

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 14

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 15

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 18

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 19

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 22

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 23

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 24

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 30

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 38

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 41

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 42

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 43

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 44

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 45

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 46

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 47

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 48

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 49

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 50

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 51

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 52

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 53

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 56

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 57