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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in ManitobaFootnote 2
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 3 = 26.2 %
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60) Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
Total - Income statistics in 2010Footnote 4 Without income With income Median incomeFootnote 5 Average incomeFootnote 6 Without after-tax income With after-tax income Median after-tax incomeFootnote 7 Average after-tax incomeFootnote 8 Total - Employment income statistics in 2010Footnote 9 With employment income Median employment incomeFootnote 10 Average employment incomeFootnote 11 With wages and salaries Median wages and salariesFootnote 12 Average wages and salariesFootnote 13
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity 946,940 45,905 901,040 29,029 36,696 46,025 900,920 26,150 30,702 946,940 663,025 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
Aboriginal identityFootnote 14 133,165 12,105 121,060 17,690 25,074 12,125 121,040 17,142 22,136 133,165 74,500 24,456 30,363 71,600 24,852 30,618
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 15 72,270 8,250 64,025 12,459 18,560 8,255 64,015 12,390 17,261 72,270 29,820 20,074 26,261 29,020 20,401 26,417
Métis single identity 58,990 3,720 55,270 27,089 32,520 3,735 55,250 24,678 27,694 58,990 43,380 27,663 33,233 41,320 28,132 33,623
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 400 10 385 23,757 28,834 15 385 20,947 24,424 400 310 23,065 26,639 300 23,061 26,720
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 16 630 100 530 22,177 24,384 100 530 21,638 22,090 625 370 18,927 25,059 370 18,940 25,496
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 17 875 25 855 27,274 30,222 25 855 24,116 26,991 875 620 28,332 31,750 595 28,297 31,851
Non-Aboriginal identity 813,775 33,805 779,975 30,709 38,500 33,900 779,880 27,433 32,031 813,775 588,520 31,314 38,492 542,560 32,766 39,215
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 18 946,940 45,905 901,035 29,029 36,696 46,025 900,915 26,150 30,702 946,940 663,020 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 19 70,840 7,915 62,925 12,441 18,401 7,910 62,930 12,377 17,170 70,840 29,110 20,089 26,125 28,325 20,413 26,265
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 876,100 37,990 838,110 30,427 38,070 38,110 837,990 27,187 31,718 876,105 633,910 30,998 38,105 585,835 32,376 38,790
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 20 946,940 45,905 901,040 29,029 36,696 46,020 900,920 26,150 30,702 946,940 663,025 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 21 135,175 12,225 122,950 18,253 25,879 12,240 122,930 17,644 22,707 135,175 77,460 24,905 30,940 74,405 25,335 31,272
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 22 84,530 8,825 75,705 14,556 21,271 8,830 75,700 14,275 19,267 84,525 39,380 21,831 28,348 38,010 22,012 28,624
Métis ancestry 55,195 3,855 51,345 27,574 32,832 3,870 51,335 25,124 27,893 55,195 40,910 27,721 33,353 39,075 28,730 33,804
Inuit ancestry 490 15 475 23,715 31,351 15 475 20,904 26,603 490 380 24,460 33,659 380 23,163 33,964
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 23 811,765 33,680 778,085 30,580 38,405 33,780 777,985 27,333 31,965 811,770 585,560 31,256 38,457 539,760 32,690 39,169
Total - Generation statusFootnote 24 946,945 45,905 901,040 29,029 36,696 46,025 900,920 26,150 30,702 946,940 663,020 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
First generationFootnote 25 175,375 10,525 164,845 26,360 33,814 10,535 164,835 24,215 28,639 175,370 118,350 28,687 35,456 110,550 29,580 35,387
Second generationFootnote 26 159,535 6,390 153,145 29,504 38,025 6,390 153,140 26,598 31,868 159,535 100,085 30,515 37,916 91,080 32,156 38,778
Third generation or moreFootnote 27 612,035 28,985 583,045 29,802 37,162 29,095 582,940 26,636 30,979 612,035 444,585 31,062 38,068 412,530 32,417 38,845
Total - Population by visible minorityFootnote 28 946,945 45,905 901,035 29,029 36,696 46,025 900,920 26,150 30,702 946,945 663,025 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
Total visible minority populationFootnote 29 117,760 10,605 107,155 24,379 30,396 10,615 107,140 22,504 26,024 117,755 83,990 26,140 32,056 81,030 26,494 32,017
South AsianFootnote 30 19,435 1,740 17,705 21,961 32,467 1,735 17,705 20,561 27,381 19,440 13,460 23,125 33,966 12,510 23,528 33,806
Chinese 14,285 1,040 13,245 21,467 31,021 1,040 13,245 20,321 26,079 14,285 9,260 28,677 36,332 8,820 29,486 36,404
Black 13,980 1,040 12,940 24,602 30,653 1,035 12,940 22,851 26,388 13,980 10,040 25,846 31,197 9,685 26,115 31,510
Filipino 45,000 4,575 40,425 25,897 28,820 4,600 40,400 23,633 25,090 45,000 33,725 26,922 29,689 33,245 27,010 29,737
Latin American 7,290 590 6,695 25,249 29,744 595 6,695 23,515 25,607 7,290 5,345 28,187 31,854 5,155 29,187 31,891
Arab 2,215 270 1,950 19,753 34,370 270 1,950 19,637 28,445 2,215 1,275 26,761 41,102 1,215 25,503 38,603
Southeast AsianFootnote 31 6,125 430 5,695 21,997 28,315 430 5,690 20,132 24,314 6,120 4,430 25,085 30,761 4,295 25,109 30,712
West AsianFootnote 32 1,455 155 1,295 21,292 32,160 155 1,295 20,101 27,683 1,455 945 22,999 33,898 895 21,985 32,207
Korean 2,410 355 2,055 14,590 24,518 355 2,055 14,526 20,910 2,410 1,440 22,472 29,390 1,275 23,963 30,369
Japanese 1,405 55 1,350 32,048 42,538 55 1,350 28,507 34,971 1,400 975 30,420 42,217 940 30,396 42,166
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 33 1,395 100 1,295 30,701 40,102 100 1,295 26,951 32,804 1,395 1,075 31,336 41,135 1,010 32,198 41,402
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 34 2,765 250 2,515 25,105 32,250 250 2,510 23,286 27,458 2,760 2,030 25,984 32,452 1,985 26,058 32,451
Not a visible minorityFootnote 35 829,185 35,305 793,880 29,772 37,546 35,405 793,775 26,699 31,333 829,185 579,030 31,224 38,380 533,135 32,730 39,154
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 36 946,940 45,905 901,035 29,029 36,696 46,025 900,920 26,150 30,702 946,945 663,020 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
Non-immigrantsFootnote 37 774,365 35,485 738,880 29,744 37,344 35,595 738,775 26,631 31,166 774,370 546,975 30,987 38,045 505,750 32,382 38,837
ImmigrantsFootnote 38 165,005 9,900 155,105 26,852 34,025 9,915 155,090 24,625 28,870 165,005 111,720 28,895 35,263 104,190 29,843 35,519
Before 1981 55,670 590 55,080 30,008 39,479 600 55,070 27,074 32,987 55,670 30,530 34,471 42,609 27,220 36,781 43,985
1981 to 1990 21,950 275 21,680 32,110 38,395 275 21,675 28,432 32,249 21,950 17,280 34,790 40,693 15,940 35,306 41,203
1991 to 2000 24,285 850 23,440 27,735 33,635 845 23,440 25,134 28,542 24,290 19,140 30,367 35,494 17,815 31,142 35,581
2001 to 2009 49,835 3,670 46,170 24,367 29,104 3,680 46,165 22,532 25,300 49,840 38,575 24,697 29,667 37,150 24,895 29,703
2001 to 2005 19,895 1,420 18,475 26,392 32,061 1,425 18,470 24,261 27,498 19,895 15,215 28,195 33,702 14,430 28,651 33,767
2006 to 2009 29,945 2,250 27,700 23,501 27,132 2,255 27,695 21,826 23,834 29,950 23,360 23,225 27,038 22,715 23,473 27,121
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 39 946,940 45,905 901,040 29,029 36,696 46,025 900,920 26,150 30,702 946,940 663,020 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
English 686,055 32,185 653,875 30,699 38,342 32,290 653,770 27,376 31,835 686,060 501,670 31,276 38,472 465,970 32,550 39,116
French 34,685 730 33,955 32,532 38,673 735 33,955 28,957 32,340 34,690 23,535 34,860 39,438 21,565 36,855 41,045
Non-official language 213,275 12,075 201,205 23,861 31,374 12,080 201,195 22,376 26,999 213,275 129,260 27,568 34,156 118,495 28,668 34,524
Aboriginal 27,080 2,010 25,065 11,842 16,896 2,015 25,065 11,760 16,227 27,080 9,610 21,370 26,589 9,345 21,721 27,010
Non-Aboriginal 186,195 10,060 176,135 25,890 33,434 10,070 176,130 23,964 28,532 186,195 119,650 28,030 34,764 109,150 29,389 35,168
English and French 1,295 50 1,240 28,781 33,940 55 1,245 26,584 29,072 1,290 845 27,424 34,560 785 29,891 35,549
English and non-official language 10,875 850 10,025 24,850 30,308 845 10,025 23,300 26,138 10,875 7,215 27,514 31,609 6,875 28,943 32,468
French and non-official language 695 25 675 20,828 29,917 25 675 19,733 26,351 695 465 22,009 29,205 435 22,379 30,549
English, French and non-official language 55 0 55 20,359 24,298 0 55 18,260 21,486 55 30 27,182 31,664 30 27,182 30,653
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 40 946,940 45,905 901,035 29,029 36,696 46,025 900,920 26,150 30,702 946,945 663,025 30,371 37,579 614,160 31,780 38,212
English 903,240 44,335 858,905 29,088 36,788 44,450 858,790 26,182 30,763 903,240 635,940 30,302 37,585 589,265 31,660 38,185
French 33,380 775 32,600 32,299 38,625 780 32,600 28,794 32,290 33,380 22,635 34,623 39,349 20,780 36,480 40,895
English and French 1,845 225 1,620 24,514 31,031 225 1,620 22,931 26,742 1,845 1,190 23,006 32,529 1,070 22,944 33,263
Neither English nor French 8,480 570 7,910 15,700 19,947 570 7,910 15,654 18,334 8,475 3,260 22,274 25,806 3,045 23,755 27,036

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 5

For population with income.

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Footnote 6

For population with income.

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Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 8

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 9

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 11

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 13

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 14

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.


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Footnote 16

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 17

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 18

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 19

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 20

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 22

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 23

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 24

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 28

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 29

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 30

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 36

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 37

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 38

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 39

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 40

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.

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