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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (327) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

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Geography Geographic index

Ethnic origin (101)^{Footnote 1}

Age groups (10)

This table details ethnic origin , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Hamilton
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 26.7 %
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (327)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^{Footnote 3}	588,190	283,595	304,600
Married or living with a common-law partner	339,560	169,510	170,050
Married (and not separated)	296,070	147,900	148,165
Living common law	43,490	21,605	21,890
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	248,630	114,085	134,545
Single (never legally married)	160,685	86,065	74,625
Separated	18,870	7,695	11,175
Divorced	35,420	13,715	21,710
Widowed	33,655	6,615	27,040
Total - Census family status^{Footnote 4}	708,170	345,835	362,340
Married spouses	292,635	146,325	146,310
Common-law partners	43,490	21,605	21,885
Lone parents	34,805	6,475	28,330
Children in census families	227,855	122,180	105,675
Persons not in census families^{Footnote 5}	109,390	49,255	60,135
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^{Footnote 6}	700,650	341,935	358,715
Non-movers	626,075	305,475	320,595
Movers	74,580	36,460	38,120
Non-migrants	45,095	22,350	22,750
Migrants	29,480	14,115	15,370
Internal migrants	24,920	11,785	13,140
Intraprovincial migrants	22,590	10,670	11,925
Interprovincial migrants	2,330	1,120	1,215
External migrants	4,560	2,330	2,235
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^{Footnote 7}	669,940	326,040	343,900
Non-movers	427,880	208,985	218,895
Movers	242,065	117,055	125,010
Non-migrants	145,965	71,010	74,955
Migrants	96,100	46,050	50,055
Internal migrants	76,780	36,705	40,075
Intraprovincial migrants	70,010	33,595	36,415
Interprovincial migrants	6,765	3,105	3,660
External migrants	19,320	9,345	9,975
Total population by mother tongue^{Footnote 8}	708,175	345,835	362,340
English	541,860	265,925	275,935
French	10,630	4,770	5,855
Non-official language	146,695	70,705	75,990
English and French	570	225	345
English and non-official language	8,075	4,040	4,035
French and non-official language	295	145	150
English, French and non-official language	50	0	30
Total population by language spoken most often at home^{Footnote 9}	708,175	345,835	362,340
English	617,010	302,210	314,800
French	3,300	1,445	1,855
Non-official language	69,825	33,390	36,435
English and French	370	180	190
English and non-official language	17,520	8,525	8,995
French and non-official language	90	50	40
English, French and non-official language	55	35	20
Total population by knowledge of official languages^{Footnote 10}	708,175	345,835	362,340
English only	651,665	321,935	329,730
French only	310	180	135
English and French	46,500	19,925	26,580
Neither English nor French	9,690	3,795	5,900
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^{Footnote 11}	400,515	205,225	195,285
English	393,905	202,215	191,690
French	1,315	325	985
Non-official language	2,560	1,275	1,285
Aboriginal	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,560	1,275	1,285
English and French	1,015	435	580
English and non-official language	1,645	930	715
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	70	40	30
Total population by citizenship^{Footnote 12}	708,175	345,830	362,340
Canadian citizens	673,910	329,765	344,150
Canadian citizens only	652,950	319,645	333,305
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	20,965	10,115	10,845
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 13}	34,260	16,070	18,190
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^{Footnote 14}	166,755	79,550	87,205
Under 5 years	19,400	9,800	9,605
5 to 14 years	32,030	16,315	15,715
15 to 24 years	42,390	18,825	23,565
25 to 44 years	61,765	29,730	32,035
45 years and over	11,165	4,880	6,285
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^{Footnote 15}	708,175	345,830	362,340
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 16}	535,790	263,405	272,385
Born in province of residence	481,960	237,985	243,970
Born outside province of residence	53,830	25,415	28,410
Immigrants^{Footnote 17}	166,755	79,550	87,205
Americas	20,680	9,075	11,605
United States	6,195	2,515	3,680
Jamaica	2,505	1,150	1,360
Guyana	1,290	575	720
Haiti	195	80	115
Mexico	880	405	475
Trinidad and Tobago	1,370	545	825
Colombia	1,860	775	1,085
El Salvador	1,425	760	665
Peru	325	170	155
Chile	415	180	235
Other places of birth in Americas	4,205	1,920	2,285
Europe	91,595	43,965	47,630
United Kingdom^{Footnote 18}	26,290	12,300	13,990
Italy	12,615	6,375	6,235
Germany	4,950	2,235	2,715
Poland	7,940	3,525	4,410
Portugal	6,725	3,420	3,305
Netherlands	4,460	2,220	2,245
France	705	370	335
Romania	2,370	1,185	1,185
Russian Federation	840	365	475
Greece	1,435	780	655
Ukraine	1,315	565	750
Croatia	5,460	2,695	2,765
Hungary	1,710	840	865
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,350	1,735	1,620
Serbia	2,295	1,095	1,200
Ireland, Republic of	1,430	695	735
Other places of birth in Europe	7,705	3,570	4,140
Africa	8,400	4,280	4,125
Morocco	185	105	80
Algeria	25	20	0
Egypt	1,400	745	655
South Africa, Republic of	1,180	595	585
Nigeria	345	180	160
Ethiopia	280	125	145
Kenya	565	270	300
Other places of birth in Africa	4,415	2,230	2,185
Asia	45,360	21,915	23,445
India	8,570	4,230	4,345
China^{Footnote 19}	5,085	2,375	2,710
Philippines	6,395	2,675	3,720
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	760	345	415
Viet Nam^{Footnote 20}	3,200	1,485	1,715
Pakistan	3,445	1,840	1,610
Sri Lanka	780	395	385
Iran^{Footnote 21}	1,440	780	655
Korea, South^{Footnote 22}	1,805	815	995
Lebanon	1,020	485	535
Taiwan	345	175	165
Iraq	4,120	2,125	1,995
Bangladesh	695	305	385
Afghanistan	970	485	480
Japan	210	60	145
Turkey	750	390	355
Other places of birth in Asia	5,775	2,945	2,835
Oceania and other^{Footnote 23}	725	320	400
Fiji	35	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 24}	690	310	375
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 25}	5,625	2,880	2,750
Total population in private households by generation status^{Footnote 26}	708,175	345,835	362,340
First generation^{Footnote 27}	173,940	83,220	90,720
Second generation^{Footnote 28}	176,685	87,775	88,910
Third generation or more^{Footnote 29}	357,545	174,840	182,710
Total population by selected religions^{Footnote 30}	708,175	345,835	362,340
Buddhist	5,455	2,485	2,970
Christian	484,965	226,760	258,200
Anglican	53,065	23,940	29,120
Baptist	13,590	6,245	7,345
Catholic	237,280	112,860	124,420
Christian Orthodox	19,290	9,590	9,695
Lutheran	7,410	3,220	4,190
Pentecostal	10,385	4,530	5,855
Presbyterian	22,940	10,565	12,375
United Church	51,810	22,855	28,955
Other Christian	69,195	32,955	36,245
Hindu	6,020	3,055	2,965
Jewish	4,035	2,050	1,985
Muslim	22,520	11,645	10,875
Sikh	5,925	2,990	2,930
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	460	130	325
Other religions	3,200	1,425	1,775
No religious affiliation	175,600	95,275	80,320
Total population in private households by visible minority	708,175	345,835	362,340
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 31}	101,600	50,000	51,605
South Asian^{Footnote 32}	23,765	12,045	11,720
Chinese	11,545	5,675	5,870
Black	19,060	9,570	9,485
Filipino	8,820	3,885	4,935
Latin American	9,105	4,020	5,080
Arab	8,695	4,585	4,115
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 33}	6,585	3,280	3,305
West Asian^{Footnote 34}	5,060	2,505	2,550
Korean	2,875	1,390	1,485
Japanese	1,315	695	620
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 35}	1,710	915	795
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 36}	3,075	1,430	1,645
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 37}	606,570	295,835	310,735
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	708,175	345,835	362,340
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 38}	11,980	5,520	6,460
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 39}	8,945	4,165	4,775
Métis single identity	2,355	1,030	1,320
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	75	0	25
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 40}	250	140	110
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 41}	355	135	225
Non-Aboriginal identity	696,195	340,310	355,880
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	385,475	186,755	198,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,115	21,805	20,305
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	94,935	46,980	47,955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	248,420	117,965	130,465
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	33,040	22,010	11,025
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	101,590	43,585	58,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	15,915	7,600	8,315
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	97,880	44,765	53,115
Bachelor's degree	59,620	26,690	32,935
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	38,260	18,080	20,185
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	588,195	283,595	304,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	272,760	131,305	141,450
Education	22,295	5,480	16,810
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,360	5,120	6,240
Humanities	18,085	7,335	10,750
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35,135	11,680	23,455
Business, management and public administration	65,550	26,640	38,910
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,155	6,630	5,520
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,045	7,170	4,875
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	66,350	61,320	5,035
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,850	3,025	1,830
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	50,465	9,245	41,220
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,110	8,650	8,460
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	45	0	45
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^{Footnote 52}	588,195	283,595	304,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	272,760	131,310	141,455
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	315,435	152,290	163,140
Location of study inside Canada	265,270	126,420	138,850
Same as province or territory of residence	250,695	119,245	131,445
Another province or territory	14,575	7,170	7,405
Location of study outside Canada	50,160	25,865	24,295
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^{Footnote 53}	588,195	283,595	304,600
In the labour force	378,725	195,370	183,355
Employed	348,820	179,215	169,605
Unemployed	29,905	16,155	13,750
Not in the labour force	209,470	88,225	121,245
Participation rate	64.4	68.9	60.2
Employment rate	59.3	63.2	55.7
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.3	7.5
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^{Footnote 54}	378,725	195,370	183,355
Class of worker - not applicable^{Footnote 55}	9,315	4,750	4,560
All classes of worker^{Footnote 56}	369,415	190,625	178,790
Employee	334,310	167,780	166,525
Self-employed^{Footnote 57}	35,105	22,835	12,265
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 58}	378,725	195,370	183,355
Occupation - not applicable^{Footnote 59}	9,315	4,750	4,565
All occupations^{Footnote 60}	369,415	190,620	178,790
0 Management occupations	42,190	26,515	15,675
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	59,110	17,645	41,465
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	23,225	18,500	4,720
3 Health occupations	26,120	5,160	20,955
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	46,525	15,315	31,205
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	9,795	4,580	5,215
6 Sales and service occupations	88,890	38,315	50,575
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	49,740	46,725	3,015
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,355	3,945	1,410
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,475	13,920	4,555
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 61}	378,725	195,375	183,350
Industry - not applicable^{Footnote 62}	9,310	4,750	4,565
All industries^{Footnote 63}	369,415	190,620	178,790
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,615	2,005	1,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	505	390	115
22 Utilities	2,335	1,825	520
23 Construction	23,625	20,895	2,725
31-33 Manufacturing	43,475	33,030	10,450
41 Wholesale trade	18,960	13,180	5,780
44-45 Retail trade	43,700	19,090	24,610
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15,685	11,395	4,295
51 Information and cultural industries	8,130	4,540	3,595
52 Finance and insurance	18,345	7,490	10,855
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,225	3,730	3,495
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	24,025	13,255	10,765
55 Management of companies and enterprises	375	195	180
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	17,110	10,305	6,805
61 Educational services	32,965	10,440	22,525
62 Health care and social assistance	44,150	7,575	36,570
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,500	3,435	3,060
72 Accommodation and food services	22,565	9,335	13,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,745	8,085	8,660
91 Public administration	19,380	10,435	8,945
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^{Footnote 64}	203,995	114,135	89,865
Median employment income in 2010 $	52,033	58,204	45,690
Average employment income in 2010 $	62,323	70,000	52,572
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^{Footnote 65}	588,195	283,590	304,600
Without income	29,215	12,650	16,560
With income	558,975	270,940	288,035
Under $5,000^{Footnote 66}	55,775	27,200	28,570
$5,000 to $9,999	38,645	14,195	24,455
$10,000 to $14,999	48,780	18,585	30,190
$15,000 to $19,999	47,515	17,425	30,095
$20,000 to $29,999	78,195	32,120	46,070
$30,000 to $39,999	65,325	29,595	35,730
$40,000 to $49,999	56,505	27,645	28,855
$50,000 to $59,999	43,125	23,485	19,635
$60,000 to $79,999	56,135	34,475	21,665
$80,000 to $99,999	34,250	20,470	13,780
$100,000 and over	34,730	25,740	8,990
$100,000 to $124,999	16,250	11,480	4,775
$125,000 and over	18,475	14,260	4,220
Median income $^{Footnote 67}	31,497	38,649	26,147
Average income $^{Footnote 68}	42,543	51,030	34,559
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^{Footnote 69}	588,195	283,595	304,600
Without after-tax income	29,300	12,660	16,645
With after-tax income	558,890	270,935	287,955
Under $5,000^{Footnote 70}	56,855	27,495	29,360
$5,000 to $9,999	39,575	14,220	25,350
$10,000 to $14,999	50,155	19,205	30,955
$15,000 to $19,999	51,540	18,935	32,605
$20,000 to $29,999	89,515	37,415	52,100
$30,000 to $39,999	79,320	37,330	41,995
$40,000 to $49,999	63,045	33,850	29,195
$50,000 to $59,999	42,300	25,270	17,030
$60,000 to $79,999	53,550	32,860	20,690
$80,000 to $99,999	16,915	11,775	5,140
$100,000 and over	16,120	12,580	3,545
Median after-tax income $^{Footnote 71}	28,957	34,871	24,505
Average after-tax income $^{Footnote 72}	35,584	41,709	29,821
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^{Footnote 73}	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^{Footnote 74}	87.0	90.1	82.7
Employment income %^{Footnote 75}	74.0	76.9	69.9
Wages and salaries %^{Footnote 76}	69.4	71.6	66.3
Self-employment income %^{Footnote 77}	4.6	5.2	3.6
Investment income %^{Footnote 78}	3.7	3.6	4.0
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^{Footnote 79}	7.6	8.2	6.9
Other money income %^{Footnote 80}	1.6	1.5	1.8
Government transfer payments %^{Footnote 81}	13.0	9.9	17.3
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^{Footnote 82}	3.9	3.3	4.6
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^{Footnote 83}	3.0	2.2	4.2
Employment Insurance benefits %^{Footnote 84}	1.3	1.0	1.7
Child benefits %^{Footnote 85}	1.3	0.1	3.0
Other income from government sources %^{Footnote 86}	3.5	3.3	3.8
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^{Footnote 87}	16.4	18.3	13.7
After-tax income as a % of total income^{Footnote 88}	83.6	81.7	86.3
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^{Footnote 89}	1.0	1.3	0.7
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^{Footnote 90}	708,175	345,835	362,340
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	708,175	345,835	362,340
Low-income population	94,640	43,985	50,650
Prevalence of low income %	13.4	12.7	14.0
Other population	613,530	301,845	311,690
Concept not applicable^{Footnote 91}	0	0	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the NHS.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 4

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

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Footnote 5

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

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Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 11

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

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Footnote 12

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 13

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 14

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 15

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 18

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 19

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 20

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 21

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 22

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 23

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 24

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 25

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 26

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 30

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

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Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 38

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 39

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

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Footnote 40

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 41

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 53

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 54

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 57

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 59

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 60

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Footnote 61

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 62

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 63

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Footnote 64

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 65

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 66

Including loss.

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Footnote 67

For population with income.

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Footnote 68

For population with income.

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Footnote 69

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 70

Including loss.

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Footnote 71

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 72

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 73

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 74

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

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Footnote 75

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

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Footnote 76

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

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Footnote 77

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 78

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

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Footnote 79

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

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Footnote 80

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

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Footnote 81

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

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Footnote 82

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

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Footnote 83

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 84

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

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Footnote 85

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

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Footnote 86

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

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Footnote 87

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

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Footnote 88

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

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Footnote 89

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

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Footnote 90

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 91

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011036.

Date modified:: 2019-01-23

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