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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Saskatoon
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 24.4 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	209,700	185,530	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
Male	102,575	85,320	17,260	92,740	9,840	100,895	1,680
Female	107,125	100,215	6,910	104,355	2,770	106,660	460
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	209,700	185,535	24,170	197,090	12,610	207,560	2,140
15 to 24 years	40,840	40,675	160	40,815	25	40,835	0
25 to 54 years	111,715	94,710	17,000	103,075	8,635	110,445	1,265
25 to 34 years	41,105	37,860	3,245	39,915	1,190	41,050	60
35 to 44 years	32,870	27,115	5,755	29,860	3,010	32,480	385
45 to 54 years	37,735	29,730	8,000	33,300	4,435	36,915	825
55 to 64 years	28,575	23,180	5,395	25,485	3,090	27,935	640
65 years and over	28,570	26,965	1,615	27,715	860	28,345	230
65 to 74 years	15,060	13,810	1,255	14,395	665	14,875	190
75 years and over	13,515	13,155	355	13,315	195	13,465	45
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	209,695	185,530	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,145
Married or living with a common-law partner	118,995	99,475	19,520	108,570	10,420	117,120	1,870
Married (and not separated)	102,000	84,335	17,665	92,440	9,560	100,225	1,775
Living common law	16,995	15,140	1,850	16,125	865	16,895	95
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	90,710	86,055	4,650	88,525	2,185	90,435	270
Single (never legally married)	65,260	62,975	2,285	64,355	905	65,165	95
Separated	4,570	4,070	505	4,315	260	4,550	25
Divorced	11,615	10,210	1,400	10,850	765	11,530	85
Widowed	9,260	8,805	460	9,015	250	9,190	70
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	209,700	185,530	24,170	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
Total persons in households with at least one census family	163,955	143,195	20,755	152,970	10,985	162,010	1,945
Married spouses, common-law partners	117,435	98,125	19,320	107,130	10,315	115,575	1,860
Lone parents	11,205	10,250	955	10,750	450	11,140	60
Children in families with two parents present	22,195	22,025	175	22,150	45	22,195	0
Children in families with one parent present	8,145	8,055	85	8,110	35	8,145	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	2,445	2,365	85	2,395	50	2,450	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	2,525	2,380	140	2,430	90	2,505	0
Total persons in non-census family households	45,745	42,335	3,415	44,125	1,620	45,545	200
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	3,640	3,430	210	3,550	85	3,615	0
Living with non-relatives only	13,425	12,975	450	13,280	145	13,405	0
Living alone	28,685	25,930	2,755	27,295	1,390	28,520	165
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	209,700	185,530	24,165	197,085	12,610	207,555	2,140
Economic family persons	165,065	144,245	20,820	154,085	10,980	163,120	1,940
Couple family	141,210	121,725	19,490	130,860	10,355	139,385	1,830
Couple only	53,175	46,200	6,975	49,595	3,585	52,465	710
Couple with children	86,045	73,680	12,365	79,375	6,670	84,930	1,115
Couple with other relatives only	1,995	1,850	150	1,895	100	1,985	0
Lone-parent family	18,400	17,390	1,005	17,915	480	18,335	60
Female-parent family	14,780	14,145	635	14,525	255	14,735	40
Female-parent family with no other relatives	13,610	13,035	580	13,395	220	13,570	40
Male-parent family	3,620	3,245	375	3,395	225	3,600	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	3,440	3,090	350	3,230	210	3,420	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	5,450	5,130	320	5,305	150	5,405	50
Persons not in an economic family	44,635	41,285	3,350	43,005	1,630	44,435	200
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	209,700	185,530	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	16,545	15,580	965	16,135	405	16,505	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	7,595	7,245	350	7,465	130	7,575	20
Métis single identity	8,505	7,920	585	8,250	255	8,490	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	60	55	0	60	0	60	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	110	105	0	110	0	110	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	270	255	15	260	0	270	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	193,155	169,950	23,200	180,950	12,200	191,045	2,110
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	209,700	185,535	24,165	197,090	12,605	207,555	2,140
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	7,490	7,165	325	7,320	170	7,475	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	202,210	178,365	23,845	189,770	12,440	200,080	2,125
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	209,700	185,530	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	17,230	16,235	990	16,810	420	17,180	45
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	10,500	9,975	525	10,310	195	10,475	25
Métis ancestry	7,665	7,145	530	7,415	250	7,645	25
Inuit ancestry	90	75	0	90	0	90	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	192,470	169,295	23,175	180,280	12,190	190,375	2,095
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	209,695	185,530	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,560	2,140
First generation^{Footnote 26}	27,685	25,060	2,630	26,150	1,535	27,445	240
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	30,100	27,035	3,065	28,500	1,600	29,685	410
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	151,915	133,435	18,480	142,440	9,470	150,425	1,485
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	209,700	185,530	24,170	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	21,540	20,065	1,470	20,740	795	21,435	105
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	4,315	3,965	345	4,110	205	4,250	65
Chinese	4,500	4,115	380	4,305	195	4,475	25
Black	1,815	1,665	150	1,710	110	1,805	0
Filipino	5,235	5,020	210	5,135	100	5,235	0
Latin American	1,075	980	90	1,025	50	1,075	0
Arab	910	835	75	870	40	905	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	1,470	1,410	60	1,455	20	1,465	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	825	800	25	815	0	820	0
Korean	280	270	0	280	0	285	0
Japanese	195	145	45	155	35	185	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	330	290	0	300	0	325	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	605	575	30	580	25	600	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	188,160	165,460	22,700	176,350	11,810	186,125	2,035
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	209,700	185,535	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,560	2,145
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	182,350	160,745	21,600	171,245	11,100	180,435	1,915
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	24,140	21,700	2,440	22,730	1,410	23,930	205
Before 1981	6,160	5,145	1,020	5,470	690	6,065	95
1981 to 1990	2,415	2,080	340	2,230	195	2,390	25
1991 to 2000	3,570	3,175	395	3,345	225	3,545	25
2001 to 2009	8,720	8,160	560	8,490	225	8,685	35
2001 to 2005	3,085	2,785	305	2,965	120	3,065	20
2006 to 2009	5,635	5,375	255	5,520	110	5,620	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	209,700	185,530	24,170	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
English	173,480	152,130	21,350	162,300	11,175	171,565	1,915
French	3,170	2,800	375	2,990	175	3,125	45
Non-official language	30,930	28,630	2,300	29,745	1,190	30,760	170
Aboriginal	1,345	1,245	100	1,330	0	1,340	0
Non-Aboriginal	29,590	27,390	2,200	28,415	1,180	29,415	170
English and French	130	120	0	130	0	135	0
English and non-official language	1,785	1,660	125	1,720	60	1,775	0
French and non-official language	205	190	0	195	0	205	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	209,700	185,530	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
English	205,540	181,730	23,810	193,115	12,430	203,445	2,095
French	2,855	2,540	315	2,695	155	2,810	40
English and French	340	315	25	320	25	340	0
Neither English nor French	965	945	20	955	0	960	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	209,700	185,535	24,170	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	36,550	35,305	1,245	35,815	740	36,470	85
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	57,725	54,050	3,670	55,970	1,750	57,475	245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	115,425	96,170	19,250	105,305	10,115	113,610	1,815
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	67,295	58,645	8,645	63,070	4,225	66,725	570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	23,310	20,015	3,295	21,640	1,665	23,155	155
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	35,375	31,390	3,985	33,515	1,860	35,090	280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	8,615	7,240	1,375	7,915	700	8,475	145
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	48,125	37,525	10,605	42,230	5,895	46,885	1,245
Bachelor's degree	33,170	27,665	5,505	30,265	2,905	32,610	560
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	14,955	9,860	5,100	11,965	2,990	14,275	680
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	209,695	185,530	24,170	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	94,270	89,360	4,910	91,785	2,490	93,945	330
Education	11,445	10,125	1,315	10,995	445	11,390	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,360	3,180	185	3,235	130	3,350	0
Humanities	5,070	4,495	570	4,765	300	5,025	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,950	7,590	1,360	8,125	825	8,740	210
Business, management and public administration	24,155	20,455	3,700	22,000	2,150	23,740	410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,185	3,990	1,190	4,560	620	5,090	90
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,660	3,240	410	3,485	175	3,645	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	23,455	17,995	5,465	20,350	3,110	23,050	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,180	2,545	630	2,840	340	3,130	50
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	20,090	16,310	3,780	18,320	1,775	19,605	490
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,870	6,225	640	6,620	250	6,830	40
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	209,700	185,530	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,560	2,140
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	46,295	45,295	1,000	45,820	465	46,150	135
All industries^{Footnote 54}	163,405	140,240	23,170	151,265	12,140	161,405	2,005
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,555	3,190	360	3,375	180	3,550	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,095	2,285	2,805	3,310	1,780	4,850	245
22 Utilities	745	420	325	540	210	745	0
23 Construction	13,700	11,520	2,180	12,420	1,275	13,505	195
31-33 Manufacturing	10,505	9,085	1,425	9,780	725	10,390	120
41 Wholesale trade	7,235	5,870	1,365	6,415	820	7,035	195
44-45 Retail trade	18,585	17,535	1,045	18,075	505	18,490	95
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,140	6,450	695	6,815	325	7,115	30
51 Information and cultural industries	3,315	2,985	330	3,165	145	3,305	0
52 Finance and insurance	5,035	4,050	985	4,415	620	4,890	150
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,925	2,565	360	2,675	255	2,860	65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,605	8,735	1,870	9,480	1,130	10,430	175
55 Management of companies and enterprises	195	145	50	160	35	165	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,780	4,540	240	4,660	115	4,760	20
61 Educational services	16,615	13,785	2,825	15,260	1,350	16,445	165
62 Health care and social assistance	19,610	16,545	3,065	18,335	1,275	19,245	365
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,965	2,790	170	2,895	65	2,955	0
72 Accommodation and food services	12,500	12,320	175	12,395	105	12,475	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,290	7,635	650	7,960	330	8,260	25
91 Public administration	10,015	7,770	2,240	9,130	885	9,935	75
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	209,700	185,535	24,165	197,090	12,610	207,555	2,140
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	46,290	45,290	1,000	45,825	465	46,150	140
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	163,405	140,240	23,165	151,265	12,140	161,400	2,000
0 Management occupations	16,505	11,045	5,460	13,055	3,450	15,730	775
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25,635	23,385	2,250	24,445	1,190	25,400	235
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,545	7,945	2,595	9,225	1,320	10,405	140
3 Health occupations	12,605	9,680	2,925	11,280	1,325	12,200	405
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20,400	16,705	3,685	18,680	1,715	20,210	185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,855	3,700	155	3,785	65	3,840	0
6 Sales and service occupations	38,730	37,210	1,520	38,035	695	38,635	95
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,010	22,500	3,510	24,285	1,720	25,920	90
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,870	3,250	625	3,475	400	3,850	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,255	4,820	440	5,000	260	5,210	50

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56