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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Regina
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 23.5 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
Male	82,740	68,250	14,490	75,120	7,620	81,295	1,450
Female	87,330	79,815	7,510	84,360	2,970	86,820	505
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
15 to 24 years	29,705	29,605	100	29,680	25	29,700	0
25 to 54 years	90,010	74,175	15,835	82,685	7,320	88,735	1,270
25 to 34 years	31,340	28,550	2,795	30,525	820	31,245	100
35 to 44 years	26,805	21,475	5,330	24,340	2,465	26,460	345
45 to 54 years	31,860	24,145	7,715	27,820	4,040	31,030	835
55 to 64 years	25,000	20,415	4,585	22,650	2,350	24,575	425
65 years and over	25,360	23,875	1,485	24,470	895	25,100	260
65 to 74 years	13,500	12,545	960	12,930	575	13,310	190
75 years and over	11,860	11,335	525	11,535	320	11,790	65
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	170,070	148,065	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
Married or living with a common-law partner	96,715	79,090	17,625	88,035	8,675	95,020	1,695
Married (and not separated)	82,510	66,450	16,060	74,430	8,080	80,920	1,590
Living common law	14,205	12,640	1,565	13,610	590	14,095	105
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	73,355	68,980	4,380	71,445	1,915	73,090	260
Single (never legally married)	50,555	48,475	2,085	49,755	800	50,425	130
Separated	3,670	3,230	445	3,440	230	3,635	30
Divorced	10,785	9,460	1,320	10,185	600	10,730	50
Widowed	8,345	7,815	530	8,065	280	8,295	45
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
Total persons in households with at least one census family	135,110	116,115	18,995	125,910	9,205	133,350	1,765
Married spouses, common-law partners	95,375	77,885	17,490	86,770	8,605	93,690	1,690
Lone parents	10,400	9,275	1,125	9,900	500	10,340	60
Children in families with two parents present	17,760	17,625	135	17,735	25	17,745	0
Children in families with one parent present	7,705	7,615	85	7,690	15	7,695	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	2,155	2,095	65	2,130	30	2,160	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	1,720	1,620	100	1,685	35	1,715	0
Total persons in non-census family households	34,960	31,955	3,005	33,575	1,385	34,765	195
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	2,110	1,995	115	2,060	55	2,085	25
Living with non-relatives only	8,210	7,865	345	8,075	140	8,180	30
Living alone	24,635	22,095	2,545	23,445	1,190	24,500	140
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,115	1,955
Economic family persons	135,505	116,495	19,010	126,280	9,220	133,715	1,790
Couple family	114,620	97,010	17,605	106,020	8,605	112,945	1,675
Couple only	44,295	37,885	6,410	41,380	2,920	43,640	660
Couple with children	68,405	57,375	11,035	62,810	5,595	67,405	1,005
Couple with other relatives only	1,910	1,750	155	1,825	85	1,900	0
Lone-parent family	17,325	16,125	1,200	16,810	515	17,255	70
Female-parent family	13,660	12,940	720	13,415	245	13,630	30
Female-parent family with no other relatives	12,675	11,960	710	12,430	245	12,650	25
Male-parent family	3,670	3,190	475	3,400	275	3,625	45
Male-parent family with no other relatives	3,530	3,065	465	3,280	250	3,500	30
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	3,565	3,355	205	3,455	105	3,515	50
Persons not in an economic family	34,565	31,580	2,990	33,200	1,365	34,395	170
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,485	10,590	168,110	1,960
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	13,005	12,250	755	12,700	305	12,990	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	6,635	6,390	245	6,540	95	6,635	0
Métis single identity	6,140	5,655	485	5,945	200	6,130	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	95	95	0	95	0	100	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	120	100	0	120	0	120	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	157,065	135,825	21,245	146,785	10,285	155,125	1,940
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	6,300	6,105	195	6,220	75	6,290	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	163,770	141,970	21,810	153,265	10,515	161,820	1,955
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	170,070	148,065	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	13,420	12,480	940	12,965	455	13,385	35
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	8,500	8,020	485	8,235	265	8,470	0
Métis ancestry	5,490	5,020	470	5,285	200	5,480	0
Inuit ancestry	20	20	0	25	0	20	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	156,650	135,590	21,060	146,515	10,135	154,730	1,920
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	170,070	148,070	22,005	159,480	10,585	168,110	1,960
First generation^{Footnote 26}	21,290	19,275	2,015	20,220	1,065	21,055	240
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	24,815	21,900	2,915	23,355	1,460	24,550	265
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	123,965	106,895	17,075	115,905	8,065	122,510	1,460
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	170,070	148,070	22,005	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	16,440	15,055	1,380	15,710	725	16,285	150
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	3,580	3,205	375	3,340	240	3,520	60
Chinese	3,050	2,720	325	2,900	145	3,015	30
Black	2,230	2,060	170	2,155	80	2,225	0
Filipino	3,000	2,815	185	2,890	110	2,985	0
Latin American	1,025	955	70	1,000	30	1,020	0
Arab	405	360	45	380	25	395	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	2,000	1,900	105	1,965	40	1,990	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	320	295	30	310	0	320	0
Korean	305	285	25	290	15	305	0
Japanese	95	85	0	90	0	100	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	95	95	0	95	0	95	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	325	280	45	300	30	320	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	153,630	133,010	20,620	143,770	9,865	151,825	1,805
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,955
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	149,030	129,005	20,020	139,495	9,540	147,300	1,725
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	19,055	17,190	1,870	18,050	1,010	18,825	230
Before 1981	5,955	5,090	865	5,480	475	5,855	95
1981 to 1990	2,135	1,890	250	2,015	125	2,080	60
1991 to 2000	2,855	2,555	300	2,695	160	2,840	20
2001 to 2009	6,175	5,770	410	5,950	220	6,130	45
2001 to 2005	2,160	1,950	205	2,035	120	2,140	15
2006 to 2009	4,020	3,820	200	3,915	100	3,990	25
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,585	168,110	1,960
English	145,915	126,140	19,775	136,385	9,530	144,185	1,730
French	2,145	1,840	305	1,995	145	2,120	25
Non-official language	20,690	18,900	1,785	19,835	855	20,510	180
Aboriginal	380	340	35	350	0	380	0
Non-Aboriginal	20,310	18,565	1,750	19,480	835	20,130	185
English and French	140	125	0	135	0	140	0
English and non-official language	1,085	960	120	1,020	60	1,065	25
French and non-official language	95	90	0	95	0	95	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	170,075	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
English	167,005	145,355	21,655	156,570	10,440	165,070	1,935
French	1,955	1,660	295	1,820	140	1,935	20
English and French	240	200	35	225	0	235	0
Neither English nor French	875	855	15	865	0	865	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	170,075	148,065	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
No certificate, diploma or degree	31,270	30,545	720	30,965	305	31,200	65
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	51,330	47,875	3,455	49,655	1,675	50,990	335
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	87,475	69,645	17,825	78,865	8,610	85,915	1,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	51,415	43,685	7,735	48,105	3,310	50,930	480
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	17,245	14,885	2,360	16,195	1,050	17,110	140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	26,175	22,260	3,920	24,575	1,605	25,915	260
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	7,990	6,540	1,450	7,340	655	7,905	80
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	36,060	25,965	10,095	30,760	5,300	34,985	1,075
Bachelor's degree	26,540	20,185	6,355	23,360	3,180	25,935	605
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	9,520	5,780	3,740	7,400	2,120	9,050	470
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,110	1,960
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	82,595	78,420	4,175	80,615	1,980	82,195	405
Education	8,530	7,245	1,280	8,040	490	8,440	90
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,305	2,110	195	2,200	105	2,295	0
Humanities	3,935	3,450	485	3,710	225	3,895	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,435	5,745	1,690	6,465	965	7,200	235
Business, management and public administration	21,460	17,295	4,170	19,380	2,080	21,040	420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,355	1,685	675	2,030	330	2,310	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,785	2,865	915	3,385	400	3,750	30
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	17,760	13,400	4,360	15,520	2,240	17,460	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,490	1,055	435	1,230	265	1,455	40
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	13,390	10,260	3,135	12,085	1,305	13,055	340
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,015	4,530	485	4,815	200	5,005	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	170,070	148,065	22,000	159,485	10,590	168,110	1,960
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	38,215	37,225	990	37,660	555	38,080	135
All industries^{Footnote 54}	131,860	110,850	21,010	121,820	10,035	130,030	1,830
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,955	1,655	305	1,760	200	1,880	75
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,250	835	415	995	250	1,190	65
22 Utilities	1,925	1,040	890	1,375	550	1,875	50
23 Construction	10,310	9,030	1,280	9,685	625	10,190	120
31-33 Manufacturing	6,325	5,120	1,205	5,685	645	6,280	40
41 Wholesale trade	5,605	4,610	995	5,170	440	5,525	85
44-45 Retail trade	15,550	14,645	910	15,125	430	15,435	115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,455	4,910	550	5,160	300	5,400	60
51 Information and cultural industries	4,675	3,820	860	4,260	415	4,625	50
52 Finance and insurance	8,480	6,390	2,090	7,425	1,055	8,195	290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,245	1,815	435	1,950	295	2,160	85
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,915	4,990	1,925	5,805	1,105	6,695	220
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	80	60	85	50	115	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,150	3,985	170	4,080	75	4,145	0
61 Educational services	8,795	7,285	1,520	8,240	560	8,740	55
62 Health care and social assistance	15,675	12,950	2,725	14,620	1,055	15,370	305
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,830	2,620	205	2,725	105	2,830	0
72 Accommodation and food services	8,890	8,760	125	8,840	50	8,875	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,615	6,010	610	6,310	300	6,575	35
91 Public administration	14,060	10,325	3,740	12,525	1,530	13,930	130
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	170,070	148,070	22,000	159,480	10,590	168,115	1,955
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	38,210	37,220	990	37,660	550	38,080	130
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	131,860	110,845	21,010	121,820	10,035	130,030	1,830
0 Management occupations	13,900	8,330	5,575	10,700	3,200	13,260	635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25,420	22,480	2,945	24,090	1,330	25,075	345
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,910	6,080	2,830	7,540	1,365	8,775	135
3 Health occupations	8,845	6,410	2,435	7,850	1,000	8,570	280
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,430	12,055	3,375	14,025	1,405	15,205	225
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,265	3,110	160	3,175	90	3,265	0
6 Sales and service occupations	31,340	30,310	1,035	30,910	430	31,200	140
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20,080	18,120	1,955	19,260	825	20,025	55
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,775	1,625	150	1,730	45	1,765	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,890	2,335	555	2,540	350	2,880	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56