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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Winnipeg^{Footnote 2}
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 3} = 21.9 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 4	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 7	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 8}	590,290	543,075	47,220	568,255	22,035	586,080	4,215
Male	286,095	253,980	32,110	270,025	16,065	282,685	3,405
Female	304,205	289,095	15,105	298,230	5,970	303,390	810
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 9}	590,290	543,070	47,220	568,250	22,040	586,080	4,215
15 to 24 years	101,140	100,940	200	101,020	115	101,130	0
25 to 54 years	305,395	274,340	31,060	291,835	13,560	303,100	2,300
25 to 34 years	97,850	94,340	3,515	96,645	1,205	97,685	165
35 to 44 years	95,875	85,020	10,855	91,070	4,805	95,015	855
45 to 54 years	111,670	94,985	16,690	104,120	7,550	110,395	1,275
55 to 64 years	90,325	78,790	11,535	84,250	6,080	89,065	1,260
65 years and over	93,435	89,010	4,425	91,155	2,285	92,785	650
65 to 74 years	50,655	47,770	2,890	49,160	1,495	50,240	420
75 years and over	42,775	41,240	1,535	41,990	785	42,550	235
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 10}	590,295	543,075	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,075	4,215
Married or living with a common-law partner	330,260	292,225	38,030	312,110	18,150	326,640	3,615
Married (and not separated)	283,655	248,915	34,740	266,840	16,820	280,270	3,385
Living common law	46,600	43,315	3,285	45,270	1,330	46,375	225
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	260,035	250,845	9,190	256,145	3,890	259,435	600
Single (never legally married)	178,965	174,995	3,975	177,440	1,535	178,750	220
Separated	14,750	13,395	1,345	14,125	625	14,665	85
Divorced	35,515	32,865	2,650	34,360	1,155	35,370	150
Widowed	30,810	29,590	1,215	30,220	585	30,645	155
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 11}	590,295	543,075	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,080	4,215
Total persons in households with at least one census family	475,690	434,605	41,080	456,185	19,500	471,920	3,770
Married spouses, common-law partners	325,535	287,735	37,800	307,505	18,030	321,950	3,585
Lone parents	35,250	32,910	2,340	34,285	970	35,125	120
Children in families with two parents present	71,790	71,330	455	71,575	215	71,765	20
Children in families with one parent present	28,980	28,785	195	28,885	90	28,950	25
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	9,610	9,390	220	9,445	165	9,600	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	4,525	4,450	75	4,490	40	4,520	0
Total persons in non-census family households	114,605	108,470	6,140	112,070	2,535	114,160	445
Living with relatives^{Footnote 13}	7,625	7,355	270	7,540	85	7,610	0
Living with non-relatives only	20,490	20,060	425	20,365	120	20,480	0
Living alone	86,495	81,050	5,445	84,160	2,335	86,070	420
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 14}	590,290	543,075	47,220	568,250	22,035	586,075	4,215
Economic family persons	478,785	437,510	41,275	459,240	19,545	475,010	3,775
Couple family	404,110	365,795	38,315	385,810	18,305	400,505	3,605
Couple only	137,590	124,795	12,795	131,350	6,240	136,275	1,315
Couple with children	261,230	235,945	25,285	249,270	11,960	258,940	2,295
Couple with other relatives only	5,290	5,055	235	5,185	105	5,290	0
Lone-parent family	61,035	58,530	2,505	59,985	1,050	60,890	145
Female-parent family	48,165	46,500	1,660	47,525	640	48,090	70
Female-parent family with no other relatives	44,510	42,920	1,595	43,915	600	44,440	70
Male-parent family	12,870	12,030	840	12,465	410	12,800	75
Male-parent family with no other relatives	11,975	11,165	810	11,570	405	11,900	70
Other economic family^{Footnote 15}	13,640	13,180	455	13,440	195	13,610	25
Persons not in an economic family	111,505	105,565	5,945	109,020	2,490	111,070	440
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	590,295	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,075	4,215
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 16}	55,890	53,885	2,010	55,085	805	55,785	100
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 17}	19,345	18,960	385	19,155	185	19,340	0
Métis single identity	35,460	33,865	1,600	34,845	620	35,365	95
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	230	220	15	230	0	230	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 18}	405	405	0	410	0	405	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 19}	445	435	10	445	0	445	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	534,405	489,190	45,210	513,165	21,235	530,290	4,110
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 20}	590,290	543,075	47,220	568,250	22,040	586,080	4,220
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 21}	18,885	18,490	400	18,720	170	18,885	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	571,405	524,585	46,820	549,535	21,870	567,195	4,210
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	590,290	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,080	4,215
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 23}	58,215	55,790	2,425	57,260	960	58,065	150
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 24}	26,915	26,065	855	26,550	370	26,895	25
Métis ancestry	33,575	31,940	1,630	32,960	615	33,450	120
Inuit ancestry	290	245	40	285	0	285	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 25}	532,080	487,285	44,795	510,995	21,080	528,015	4,065
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 26}	590,290	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,080	4,215
First generation^{Footnote 27}	140,750	132,645	8,105	137,100	3,645	140,085	665
Second generation^{Footnote 28}	112,140	102,665	9,480	107,540	4,600	111,175	965
Third generation or more^{Footnote 29}	337,400	307,770	29,635	323,610	13,790	334,815	2,585
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 30}	590,295	543,075	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,075	4,215
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 31}	108,520	104,155	4,370	106,775	1,745	108,220	305
South Asian^{Footnote 32}	17,960	16,840	1,115	17,455	505	17,845	110
Chinese	12,895	12,070	820	12,560	330	12,830	60
Black	12,895	12,395	505	12,720	175	12,870	30
Filipino	42,990	42,095	890	42,725	265	42,960	25
Latin American	5,470	5,230	240	5,390	80	5,450	20
Arab	1,920	1,815	105	1,845	80	1,905	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 33}	5,695	5,530	165	5,635	55	5,690	0
West Asian^{Footnote 34}	1,385	1,315	75	1,335	50	1,385	0
Korean	2,140	2,035	95	2,085	50	2,125	0
Japanese	1,225	1,125	105	1,175	55	1,220	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 35}	1,275	1,180	95	1,220	50	1,260	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 36}	2,665	2,515	150	2,620	50	2,670	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 37}	481,775	438,920	42,850	461,480	20,290	477,860	3,910
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 38}	590,290	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,080	4,215
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 39}	451,120	411,810	39,310	432,625	18,495	447,560	3,560
Immigrants^{Footnote 40}	133,375	125,585	7,795	129,920	3,460	132,765	610
Before 1981	45,495	41,605	3,890	43,620	1,875	45,140	355
1981 to 1990	18,005	16,660	1,340	17,425	580	17,915	90
1991 to 2000	19,765	18,555	1,210	19,295	470	19,705	60
2001 to 2009	39,095	37,825	1,270	38,590	500	38,990	100
2001 to 2005	15,445	14,645	800	15,135	305	15,405	35
2006 to 2009	23,650	23,185	465	23,455	190	23,585	65
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 41}	590,295	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,080	4,215
English	419,435	382,355	37,080	401,800	17,635	415,960	3,470
French	23,155	21,165	1,985	22,400	755	23,065	90
Non-official language	137,915	130,170	7,750	134,400	3,510	137,275	635
Aboriginal	3,105	3,015	95	3,070	35	3,110	0
Non-Aboriginal	134,805	127,155	7,655	131,330	3,480	134,170	640
English and French	880	825	55	875	0	875	0
English and non-official language	8,350	8,005	340	8,225	125	8,340	0
French and non-official language	520	505	0	510	0	515	0
English, French and non-official language	45	45	0	40	0	40	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 42}	590,295	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,080	4,215
English	559,970	514,820	45,155	538,730	21,240	555,855	4,120
French	22,450	20,530	1,925	21,710	740	22,360	95
English and French	1,600	1,500	105	1,555	50	1,600	0
Neither English nor French	6,270	6,230	40	6,265	0	6,270	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 43}	590,290	543,075	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,075	4,215
No certificate, diploma or degree	116,500	114,680	1,820	115,730	770	116,300	200
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 44}	168,875	162,760	6,120	165,960	2,920	168,395	480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 45}	304,910	265,630	39,285	286,560	18,355	301,380	3,535
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	173,710	160,045	13,660	168,330	5,380	172,935	770
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 46}	51,195	48,175	3,020	50,090	1,105	51,020	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	95,655	87,870	7,785	92,595	3,065	95,215	435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	26,855	23,995	2,860	25,650	1,210	26,700	160
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	131,210	105,585	25,620	118,235	12,975	128,445	2,760
Bachelor's degree	86,880	73,110	13,770	80,525	6,360	85,710	1,170
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 48}	44,325	32,475	11,850	37,715	6,615	42,730	1,595
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 49}	590,295	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,075	4,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 50}	285,380	277,445	7,935	281,690	3,685	284,700	680
Education	27,545	24,440	3,105	26,730	815	27,460	80
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,335	9,830	510	10,150	190	10,295	40
Humanities	17,450	15,665	1,785	16,630	820	17,300	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	29,945	25,755	4,190	27,700	2,245	29,500	445
Business, management and public administration	64,195	55,235	8,960	59,485	4,705	63,130	1,060
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,510	9,515	2,000	10,570	945	11,380	135
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,830	10,745	2,075	12,005	820	12,725	100
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	58,355	50,945	7,410	55,160	3,195	57,955	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,680	4,710	970	5,185	495	5,625	55
Health and related fields^{Footnote 51}	51,260	44,090	7,170	47,610	3,650	50,280	985
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,790	14,685	1,105	15,320	465	15,705	80
Other fields of study^{Footnote 52}	20	20	0	15	0	20	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 53}	590,295	543,070	47,220	568,255	22,035	586,075	4,215
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 54}	156,755	154,020	2,730	155,530	1,220	156,460	290
All industries^{Footnote 55}	433,540	389,050	44,490	412,725	20,820	429,620	3,925
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,850	3,550	300	3,640	210	3,795	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	720	575	145	625	95	705	10
22 Utilities	5,240	3,705	1,540	4,620	620	5,205	35
23 Construction	26,425	24,040	2,385	25,285	1,140	26,190	230
31-33 Manufacturing	38,360	35,255	3,105	36,830	1,530	38,065	295
41 Wholesale trade	16,855	14,050	2,800	15,210	1,640	16,510	345
44-45 Retail trade	48,845	46,655	2,190	47,640	1,205	48,630	220
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	23,030	20,805	2,225	22,035	995	22,890	140
51 Information and cultural industries	9,400	8,075	1,325	8,940	460	9,330	70
52 Finance and insurance	20,820	17,195	3,625	18,855	1,960	20,350	465
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,720	5,840	880	6,230	490	6,620	100
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,600	18,595	4,005	20,195	2,405	22,075	530
55 Management of companies and enterprises	465	385	85	410	60	445	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	17,990	17,430	560	17,705	290	17,935	60
61 Educational services	35,815	31,325	4,485	34,370	1,440	35,705	110
62 Health care and social assistance	57,720	51,375	6,350	54,625	3,095	56,865	850
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,615	10,145	470	10,450	165	10,595	15
72 Accommodation and food services	31,430	31,095	335	31,275	160	31,420	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,720	18,530	1,190	19,160	555	19,600	120
91 Public administration	36,920	30,430	6,490	34,620	2,300	36,695	225
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 56}	590,290	543,075	47,220	568,255	22,040	586,075	4,215
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 57}	156,750	154,015	2,735	155,530	1,220	156,460	290
All occupations^{Footnote 58}	433,540	389,055	44,490	412,720	20,820	429,615	3,925
0 Management occupations	40,510	27,790	12,720	33,285	7,230	38,980	1,530
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75,605	70,005	5,600	73,030	2,575	75,065	540
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	27,405	21,340	6,070	24,895	2,505	27,200	200
3 Health occupations	32,430	26,750	5,680	29,430	3,000	31,525	905
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	56,950	49,710	7,235	54,255	2,695	56,555	390
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	11,815	11,290	530	11,635	190	11,790	30
6 Sales and service occupations	106,855	104,125	2,725	105,405	1,450	106,700	155
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	57,260	54,075	3,185	56,285	980	57,115	145
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,255	5,150	105	5,225	35	5,250	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,450	18,820	635	19,280	170	19,435	15

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 7

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 8

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 9

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 10

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 14

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 18

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 19

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 22

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 23

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 24

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 30

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 38

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 39

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 41

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 42

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 43

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 44

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 45

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 46

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 47

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 48

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 49

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 50

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 51

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 52

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 53

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 54

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 55

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 56

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 57