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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Thunder Bay
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 25.6 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	101,100	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
Male	49,085	42,910	6,175	46,305	2,785	48,680	410
Female	52,015	48,850	3,165	51,100	920	51,905	110
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	101,100	91,765	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
15 to 24 years	15,895	15,875	20	15,885	0	15,890	0
25 to 54 years	48,365	42,355	6,010	46,200	2,160	48,105	255
25 to 34 years	13,770	13,045	725	13,605	165	13,765	0
35 to 44 years	14,955	12,840	2,115	14,245	710	14,865	90
45 to 54 years	19,640	16,465	3,170	18,355	1,280	19,480	160
55 to 64 years	17,455	15,030	2,425	16,390	1,065	17,295	160
65 years and over	19,390	18,500	885	18,920	465	19,295	95
65 to 74 years	10,405	9,785	625	10,030	380	10,330	75
75 years and over	8,980	8,720	260	8,890	90	8,960	15
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	101,100	91,765	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
Married or living with a common-law partner	56,700	49,155	7,545	53,615	3,080	56,270	430
Married (and not separated)	47,205	40,470	6,735	44,425	2,780	46,830	375
Living common law	9,485	8,685	805	9,190	300	9,440	50
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	44,405	42,605	1,795	43,785	615	44,320	85
Single (never legally married)	28,175	27,600	575	28,000	175	28,145	25
Separated	3,555	3,205	355	3,420	140	3,545	15
Divorced	6,010	5,435	580	5,810	200	5,985	25
Widowed	6,665	6,375	290	6,560	105	6,645	20
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	101,100	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,590	510
Total persons in households with at least one census family	80,920	72,780	8,140	77,680	3,240	80,480	435
Married spouses, common-law partners	56,150	48,645	7,505	53,080	3,065	55,720	430
Lone parents	6,440	5,975	465	6,305	130	6,430	0
Children in families with two parents present	11,285	11,240	45	11,265	20	11,285	0
Children in families with one parent present	5,305	5,235	70	5,290	0	5,305	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	1,055	1,010	55	1,055	0	1,060	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	680	680	0	680	0	680	0
Total persons in non-census family households	20,185	18,985	1,200	19,720	465	20,105	80
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	755	740	15	750	0	755	0
Living with non-relatives only	3,190	3,095	90	3,165	25	3,190	0
Living alone	16,235	15,145	1,090	15,800	430	16,155	80
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	101,100	91,760	9,335	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
Economic family persons	80,990	72,840	8,155	77,755	3,245	80,560	435
Couple family	68,050	60,480	7,570	64,985	3,065	67,620	430
Couple only	27,470	24,805	2,665	26,355	1,115	27,290	180
Couple with children	39,690	34,845	4,845	37,770	1,915	39,450	240
Couple with other relatives only	890	830	60	855	30	880	0
Lone-parent family	11,315	10,800	505	11,165	140	11,300	0
Female-parent family	8,910	8,575	335	8,810	100	8,900	0
Female-parent family with no other relatives	8,530	8,200	330	8,430	105	8,520	0
Male-parent family	2,405	2,230	175	2,360	40	2,400	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	2,275	2,100	170	2,235	45	2,275	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	1,635	1,555	80	1,600	30	1,635	0
Persons not in an economic family	20,105	18,920	1,185	19,650	455	20,025	80
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	101,100	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	8,590	8,245	345	8,495	95	8,585	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	6,335	6,085	250	6,260	75	6,325	0
Métis single identity	2,055	1,965	95	2,040	20	2,055	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	70	65	0	70	0	70	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	120	115	0	120	0	125	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	92,510	83,520	8,995	88,905	3,605	92,000	510
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	101,100	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,590	515
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	5,610	5,445	170	5,550	60	5,615	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,485	86,320	9,165	91,850	3,640	94,975	510
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	101,100	91,765	9,335	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	9,035	8,545	485	8,885	145	9,025	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	7,165	6,810	355	7,035	130	7,160	0
Métis ancestry	1,965	1,830	135	1,950	0	1,965	0
Inuit ancestry	30	25	0	30	0	25	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	92,070	83,215	8,855	88,515	3,555	91,560	510
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	101,105	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
First generation^{Footnote 26}	10,960	9,980	975	10,425	535	10,840	115
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	22,620	20,085	2,535	21,650	970	22,525	100
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	67,515	61,695	5,820	65,325	2,195	67,220	300
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	101,100	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,590	515
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	2,845	2,505	340	2,640	200	2,785	60
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	520	430	90	450	65	480	40
Chinese	585	480	105	525	60	585	0
Black	320	285	35	295	25	310	0
Filipino	355	340	25	345	0	360	0
Latin American	155	135	20	150	0	155	0
Arab	80	70	0	80	0	85	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	240	230	0	235	0	235	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	50	40	0	45	0	50	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	250	230	25	245	0	250	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	115	100	0	110	0	115	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	155	150	0	150	0	155	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	98,260	89,255	9,000	94,760	3,500	97,800	460
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	101,100	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	90,285	81,890	8,395	87,105	3,180	89,875	410
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	10,570	9,645	930	10,055	520	10,465	105
Before 1981	7,750	7,085	665	7,405	340	7,675	70
1981 to 1990	880	730	150	765	110	855	20
1991 to 2000	770	700	70	730	35	760	0
2001 to 2009	930	890	45	905	25	930	0
2001 to 2005	515	480	30	495	0	515	0
2006 to 2009	415	410	0	405	0	415	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	101,105	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
English	85,215	77,140	8,075	82,180	3,030	84,825	390
French	2,525	2,270	255	2,415	105	2,500	15
Non-official language	12,380	11,450	925	11,865	510	12,275	105
Aboriginal	810	785	25	790	20	810	0
Non-Aboriginal	11,570	10,670	900	11,075	495	11,465	105
English and French	160	160	0	165	0	160	0
English and non-official language	815	730	80	755	55	810	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	101,100	91,765	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
English	98,375	89,295	9,085	94,785	3,595	97,890	495
French	2,325	2,075	245	2,220	105	2,300	20
English and French	60	55	0	60	0	60	0
Neither English nor French	335	335	0	335	0	335	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	101,100	91,765	9,335	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,775	21,450	325	21,680	95	21,760	15
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	25,360	24,375	980	24,950	415	25,320	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	53,965	45,930	8,030	50,770	3,190	53,510	455
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,395	32,905	3,490	35,200	1,195	36,290	110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	10,745	9,710	1,035	10,380	365	10,710	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	23,050	20,920	2,130	22,360	690	22,990	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	2,600	2,270	330	2,460	140	2,590	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,565	13,025	4,540	15,570	1,995	17,225	345
Bachelor's degree	10,845	8,645	2,195	10,040	805	10,755	90
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	6,720	4,380	2,340	5,530	1,190	6,470	250
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	101,105	91,760	9,335	97,400	3,700	100,590	515
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	47,140	45,830	1,305	46,630	505	47,075	55
Education	4,960	3,800	1,165	4,710	250	4,945	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,285	1,180	105	1,230	50	1,285	0
Humanities	2,085	1,800	280	1,985	100	2,080	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,615	4,025	595	4,330	285	4,525	90
Business, management and public administration	10,650	9,560	1,095	10,140	515	10,605	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,580	1,200	380	1,400	175	1,560	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	975	815	160	930	45	975	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,010	10,850	2,155	12,130	875	12,900	105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,515	1,295	220	1,450	70	1,515	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	9,745	8,230	1,515	9,060	690	9,590	155
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,540	3,170	370	3,400	135	3,520	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	101,100	91,760	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,590	510
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	33,895	33,310	580	33,660	235	33,875	15
All industries^{Footnote 54}	67,210	58,450	8,755	63,740	3,470	66,710	495
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,110	1,005	105	1,090	20	1,110	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	895	665	235	765	135	880	20
22 Utilities	715	380	335	525	190	715	0
23 Construction	4,465	3,880	580	4,265	195	4,410	55
31-33 Manufacturing	3,305	2,715	590	3,095	205	3,290	15
41 Wholesale trade	1,795	1,565	235	1,685	110	1,775	20
44-45 Retail trade	8,420	8,200	215	8,300	115	8,410	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,355	2,970	385	3,230	125	3,350	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,325	1,175	155	1,250	75	1,320	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,795	1,570	225	1,670	130	1,770	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,075	920	155	960	115	1,065	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,500	2,760	735	3,090	405	3,385	110
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0	0	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,325	2,260	65	2,285	40	2,315	0
61 Educational services	6,215	4,615	1,600	5,760	460	6,200	0
62 Health care and social assistance	10,225	8,800	1,430	9,610	620	10,065	165
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,575	1,530	40	1,570	0	1,575	0
72 Accommodation and food services	5,165	5,095	70	5,150	15	5,165	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,260	3,005	260	3,170	85	3,255	0
91 Public administration	6,690	5,350	1,340	6,265	425	6,650	40
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	101,100	91,765	9,340	97,400	3,700	100,585	515
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	33,890	33,305	580	33,660	230	33,880	15
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	67,205	58,450	8,755	63,740	3,470	66,710	500
0 Management occupations	5,210	3,575	1,635	4,285	920	5,115	95
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,105	9,270	835	9,725	375	10,030	80
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,015	3,015	1,005	3,610	405	3,960	55
3 Health occupations	5,255	4,150	1,105	4,755	500	5,110	140
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,965	7,695	2,275	9,355	615	9,880	90
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,395	1,375	15	1,390	0	1,395	0
6 Sales and service occupations	17,355	17,115	240	17,270	90	17,355	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,785	9,580	1,210	10,375	410	10,770	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,430	1,330	105	1,400	30	1,425	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,685	1,355	335	1,570	120	1,690	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56