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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Windsor
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 28.1 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	259,040	235,590	23,455	249,640	9,400	257,665	1,375
Male	125,500	109,060	16,440	118,035	7,470	124,370	1,125
Female	133,540	126,525	7,015	131,605	1,930	133,290	250
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,400	257,660	1,380
15 to 24 years	43,055	43,040	15	43,045	0	43,055	0
25 to 54 years	130,235	113,530	16,700	123,835	6,400	129,445	785
25 to 34 years	36,175	34,530	1,640	35,665	510	36,140	35
35 to 44 years	43,770	37,425	6,345	41,485	2,285	43,470	295
45 to 54 years	50,290	41,575	8,715	46,690	3,605	49,830	460
55 to 64 years	40,730	35,765	4,960	38,490	2,240	40,320	415
65 years and over	45,025	43,245	1,780	44,265	755	44,845	180
65 to 74 years	25,215	24,170	1,045	24,735	480	25,100	110
75 years and over	19,815	19,080	735	19,530	280	19,745	65
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	259,045	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,400	257,665	1,375
Married or living with a common-law partner	146,725	127,675	19,050	138,885	7,840	145,550	1,175
Married (and not separated)	130,065	112,495	17,565	122,695	7,370	128,930	1,130
Living common law	16,665	15,175	1,485	16,195	470	16,620	45
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	112,315	107,915	4,400	110,750	1,565	112,110	205
Single (never legally married)	73,005	71,405	1,600	72,515	495	72,950	50
Separated	7,725	6,920	800	7,490	230	7,705	20
Divorced	17,035	15,755	1,280	16,495	540	16,970	65
Widowed	14,555	13,830	725	14,250	305	14,490	65
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	259,045	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,405	257,665	1,380
Total persons in households with at least one census family	214,990	194,405	20,590	206,580	8,420	213,750	1,245
Married spouses, common-law partners	144,920	125,980	18,940	137,105	7,815	143,755	1,165
Lone parents	17,030	15,935	1,095	16,625	410	16,965	70
Children in families with two parents present	33,990	33,765	225	33,920	65	33,980	0
Children in families with one parent present	13,980	13,810	170	13,920	55	13,980	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	3,480	3,370	110	3,435	45	3,475	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	1,595	1,540	55	1,575	0	1,595	0
Total persons in non-census family households	44,045	41,180	2,870	43,060	990	43,915	135
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	2,005	1,950	50	2,000	0	2,005	0
Living with non-relatives only	6,550	6,420	130	6,495	55	6,545	0
Living alone	35,490	32,815	2,680	34,565	925	35,365	125
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	259,045	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,405	257,665	1,380
Economic family persons	215,400	194,810	20,590	207,000	8,395	214,155	1,245
Couple family	181,520	162,320	19,200	173,615	7,905	180,350	1,170
Couple only	60,140	54,845	5,295	57,915	2,230	59,750	390
Couple with children	118,995	105,250	13,745	113,390	5,605	118,215	775
Couple with other relatives only	2,385	2,220	160	2,315	70	2,385	0
Lone-parent family	29,380	28,155	1,230	28,915	470	29,310	75
Female-parent family	23,760	23,030	730	23,570	190	23,720	40
Female-parent family with no other relatives	22,580	21,870	710	22,405	180	22,545	35
Male-parent family	5,625	5,125	495	5,340	285	5,595	30
Male-parent family with no other relatives	5,460	4,980	480	5,185	275	5,430	30
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	4,500	4,335	160	4,475	25	4,495	0
Persons not in an economic family	43,640	40,775	2,865	42,635	1,005	43,510	130
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,400	257,665	1,375
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	5,110	4,815	295	5,065	50	5,105	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	2,770	2,600	165	2,755	15	2,765	0
Métis single identity	2,045	1,925	115	2,010	35	2,045	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	30	30	0	25	0	25	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	120	110	0	115	0	115	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	155	145	0	150	0	155	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	253,930	230,770	23,160	244,575	9,355	252,555	1,375
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	259,040	235,585	23,460	249,640	9,400	257,665	1,380
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	1,530	1,440	85	1,525	0	1,525	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	257,515	234,145	23,365	248,115	9,400	256,135	1,380
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	259,045	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,400	257,665	1,380
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	9,435	8,840	595	9,280	155	9,435	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	7,495	7,070	425	7,390	110	7,490	0
Métis ancestry	2,045	1,870	170	1,995	50	2,045	0
Inuit ancestry	55	55	0	55	0	55	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	249,605	226,745	22,860	240,355	9,245	248,230	1,370
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,405	257,665	1,380
First generation^{Footnote 26}	68,955	63,930	5,025	66,835	2,120	68,560	390
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	51,095	45,185	5,905	48,650	2,445	50,750	345
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	138,990	126,460	12,525	134,150	4,840	138,350	640
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,400	257,665	1,380
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	40,085	37,705	2,375	38,975	1,110	39,890	195
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	6,985	6,385	600	6,620	365	6,930	55
Chinese	5,825	5,350	470	5,595	225	5,795	30
Black	6,915	6,565	350	6,780	140	6,895	20
Filipino	3,175	3,005	165	3,125	50	3,165	0
Latin American	2,110	2,010	100	2,080	30	2,105	0
Arab	8,835	8,400	435	8,610	225	8,755	75
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	2,700	2,635	65	2,670	25	2,700	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	1,480	1,430	50	1,475	0	1,480	0
Korean	440	395	40	430	0	440	0
Japanese	135	85	45	120	0	135	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	735	715	20	735	0	735	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	755	730	30	740	0	755	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	218,960	197,880	21,080	210,665	8,290	217,775	1,185
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	259,045	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,405	257,660	1,380
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	190,445	171,965	18,475	183,135	7,305	189,455	985
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	66,010	61,105	4,905	63,930	2,075	65,625	380
Before 1981	26,045	23,710	2,340	24,990	1,050	25,775	270
1981 to 1990	8,590	7,860	730	8,285	310	8,565	25
1991 to 2000	16,750	15,565	1,185	16,290	465	16,705	50
2001 to 2009	12,775	12,160	615	12,540	235	12,740	30
2001 to 2005	7,560	7,110	450	7,370	190	7,540	20
2006 to 2009	5,215	5,050	165	5,175	40	5,200	10
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,635	9,405	257,665	1,380
English	185,370	167,575	17,800	178,330	7,045	184,340	1,035
French	9,120	8,270	850	8,780	340	9,055	60
Non-official language	60,685	56,205	4,480	58,800	1,885	60,410	275
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	60,680	56,195	4,485	58,795	1,885	60,400	275
English and French	605	575	35	580	0	605	0
English and non-official language	2,915	2,640	275	2,805	110	2,910	0
French and non-official language	315	300	15	315	0	315	0
English, French and non-official language	30	25	0	30	0	30	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,405	257,665	1,380
English	245,325	222,845	22,485	236,280	9,045	244,000	1,325
French	8,800	7,990	810	8,500	305	8,745	50
English and French	1,715	1,600	120	1,665	55	1,720	0
Neither English nor French	3,195	3,150	45	3,195	0	3,195	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	259,045	235,585	23,460	249,640	9,400	257,665	1,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	48,155	47,400	755	47,955	205	48,125	30
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	79,660	76,265	3,395	78,525	1,135	79,540	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	131,220	111,915	19,305	123,160	8,065	130,000	1,225
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	81,360	73,525	7,840	78,350	3,015	81,175	190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	19,730	17,725	2,010	18,795	940	19,665	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	52,435	47,685	4,745	50,825	1,605	52,345	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	9,200	8,110	1,085	8,730	470	9,170	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	49,860	38,390	11,465	44,810	5,045	48,820	1,035
Bachelor's degree	29,520	23,845	5,675	27,270	2,250	29,050	470
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	20,335	14,550	5,790	17,540	2,795	19,770	565
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	259,045	235,585	23,460	249,640	9,405	257,660	1,380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	127,820	123,670	4,150	126,480	1,340	127,665	150
Education	10,530	8,050	2,480	10,030	500	10,500	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,840	2,585	250	2,765	75	2,835	0
Humanities	6,085	5,420	670	5,815	265	6,050	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,275	12,510	1,765	13,455	820	14,020	250
Business, management and public administration	24,640	21,620	3,015	23,095	1,540	24,420	215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,885	3,305	580	3,600	285	3,830	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,715	3,995	710	4,450	260	4,700	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	31,275	25,145	6,130	28,615	2,665	31,070	200
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,520	1,335	185	1,445	80	1,525	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	23,005	20,030	2,970	21,620	1,385	22,595	405
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,450	7,915	540	8,265	185	8,445	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,405	257,665	1,375
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	98,210	96,525	1,680	97,635	575	98,135	70
All industries^{Footnote 54}	160,835	139,060	21,780	152,005	8,830	159,525	1,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,080	1,990	90	2,010	75	2,075	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	360	245	110	310	50	360	0
22 Utilities	965	500	470	725	240	945	20
23 Construction	8,665	7,710	960	8,225	445	8,580	85
31-33 Manufacturing	29,665	23,275	6,395	27,095	2,570	29,465	195
41 Wholesale trade	4,350	3,705	650	4,025	330	4,275	80
44-45 Retail trade	18,340	17,275	1,065	17,795	545	18,260	80
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,405	6,005	405	6,230	175	6,365	40
51 Information and cultural industries	2,035	1,800	230	1,985	45	2,020	0
52 Finance and insurance	5,150	4,340	810	4,770	380	5,075	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,420	2,155	265	2,270	150	2,405	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,535	6,045	1,490	6,715	820	7,325	205
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	125	30	140	20	150	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	7,235	7,040	190	7,150	90	7,225	0
61 Educational services	14,115	10,420	3,695	13,160	960	14,085	25
62 Health care and social assistance	19,440	16,940	2,500	18,380	1,060	19,075	370
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,405	6,120	285	6,340	65	6,390	15
72 Accommodation and food services	11,205	11,130	80	11,165	35	11,205	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,150	6,790	360	6,985	165	7,140	15
91 Public administration	7,155	5,460	1,700	6,540	615	7,100	55
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	259,040	235,585	23,455	249,640	9,405	257,665	1,375
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	98,210	96,530	1,680	97,635	570	98,135	70
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	160,835	139,055	21,775	152,005	8,830	159,530	1,310
0 Management occupations	13,670	9,505	4,170	11,180	2,490	13,255	415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	21,420	19,560	1,860	20,620	800	21,280	140
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,730	7,215	2,520	8,760	965	9,640	90
3 Health occupations	12,255	9,905	2,350	11,160	1,095	11,905	355
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	18,555	14,070	4,485	17,240	1,310	18,360	195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,685	3,480	205	3,630	50	3,680	0
6 Sales and service occupations	41,190	40,085	1,110	40,705	490	41,130	65
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	22,810	19,785	3,025	21,645	1,165	22,770	40
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,575	2,530	45	2,545	30	2,570	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	14,945	12,925	2,015	14,510	430	14,935	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56