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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Peterborough
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 36.3 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	610
Male	47,240	41,625	5,615	44,495	2,750	46,785	455
Female	51,580	48,705	2,875	50,660	915	51,430	150
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	605
15 to 24 years	16,380	16,365	20	16,380	0	16,380	0
25 to 54 years	43,910	38,445	5,470	41,750	2,165	43,625	290
25 to 34 years	13,045	12,560	490	12,940	100	13,040	0
35 to 44 years	12,845	11,260	1,585	12,230	615	12,800	50
45 to 54 years	18,020	14,630	3,390	16,575	1,440	17,780	235
55 to 64 years	17,340	15,100	2,240	16,310	1,025	17,125	220
65 years and over	21,185	20,420	765	20,710	475	21,085	105
65 to 74 years	11,265	10,815	455	10,960	305	11,185	85
75 years and over	9,920	9,610	315	9,750	175	9,900	20
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	610
Married or living with a common-law partner	58,365	51,335	7,030	55,310	3,055	57,860	505
Married (and not separated)	48,790	42,350	6,435	45,965	2,825	48,310	475
Living common law	9,580	8,985	595	9,345	235	9,550	25
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	40,455	38,995	1,460	39,845	610	40,350	105
Single (never legally married)	25,165	24,735	425	25,010	150	25,130	35
Separated	3,325	2,995	335	3,160	170	3,290	45
Divorced	5,775	5,390	385	5,650	130	5,775	0
Widowed	6,185	5,870	315	6,025	165	6,160	25
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	98,820	90,325	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,215	610
Total persons in households with at least one census family	80,230	72,795	7,440	77,035	3,195	79,705	525
Married spouses, common-law partners	57,995	50,975	7,025	54,935	3,055	57,490	505
Lone parents	5,115	4,760	350	4,990	125	5,090	25
Children in families with two parents present	10,775	10,745	30	10,760	0	10,775	0
Children in families with one parent present	4,115	4,105	15	4,115	0	4,115	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	1,150	1,120	30	1,145	0	1,150	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	1,085	1,090	0	1,090	0	1,090	0
Total persons in non-census family households	18,585	17,540	1,050	18,115	465	18,505	85
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	710	680	30	705	0	705	0
Living with non-relatives only	4,925	4,825	105	4,875	50	4,910	0
Living alone	12,950	12,035	920	12,540	415	12,885	65
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,215	610
Economic family persons	79,855	72,380	7,470	76,655	3,200	79,330	525
Couple family	69,505	62,435	7,065	66,430	3,070	69,000	500
Couple only	29,920	27,575	2,340	28,795	1,125	29,700	220
Couple with children	38,405	33,735	4,675	36,490	1,915	38,130	275
Couple with other relatives only	1,180	1,125	55	1,150	30	1,170	0
Lone-parent family	8,850	8,500	350	8,730	125	8,830	25
Female-parent family	7,325	7,080	245	7,245	80	7,300	20
Female-parent family with no other relatives	7,000	6,755	245	6,920	80	6,980	20
Male-parent family	1,530	1,425	105	1,485	45	1,530	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	1,290	1,185	105	1,250	45	1,290	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	1,500	1,450	55	1,495	0	1,500	0
Persons not in an economic family	18,965	17,945	1,020	18,500	470	18,885	80
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	610
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	3,310	3,185	125	3,280	30	3,310	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	2,255	2,175	85	2,235	25	2,260	0
Métis single identity	865	840	20	865	0	865	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	35	30	0	30	0	35	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	25	20	0	25	0	25	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	130	120	0	120	0	130	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	95,510	87,140	8,365	91,875	3,635	94,900	605
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	605
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	1,675	1,620	50	1,650	25	1,670	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	97,145	88,710	8,440	93,500	3,645	96,540	605
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	98,815	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,215	605
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	4,480	4,310	170	4,420	60	4,470	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	3,585	3,455	135	3,540	45	3,580	0
Métis ancestry	900	860	40	885	0	900	0
Inuit ancestry	30	25	0	25	0	30	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	94,340	86,020	8,320	90,730	3,610	93,740	600
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	98,820	90,325	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	610
First generation^{Footnote 26}	9,855	8,940	915	9,365	495	9,765	90
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	15,455	13,865	1,585	14,820	635	15,335	120
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	73,515	67,520	5,990	70,975	2,540	73,115	400
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	98,820	90,325	8,490	95,150	3,665	98,215	610
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	3,040	2,815	220	2,925	115	3,030	0
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	655	615	35	625	25	650	0
Chinese	355	310	40	335	20	350	0
Black	545	500	45	535	0	545	0
Filipino	125	120	0	120	0	120	0
Latin American	210	190	25	200	0	210	0
Arab	135	115	0	120	0	130	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	405	400	0	400	0	400	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	90	60	35	70	0	85	0
Korean	255	255	0	255	0	255	0
Japanese	85	80	0	80	0	85	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	80	70	0	75	0	80	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	105	105	0	105	0	105	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	95,780	87,510	8,270	92,230	3,550	95,180	595
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	610
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	89,165	81,510	7,655	85,975	3,190	88,640	520
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	9,230	8,400	830	8,760	470	9,145	85
Before 1981	6,070	5,570	500	5,765	305	6,005	60
1981 to 1990	1,105	1,000	100	1,050	50	1,090	0
1991 to 2000	960	870	85	910	55	960	0
2001 to 2009	955	840	115	895	60	945	0
2001 to 2005	655	565	90	620	35	645	0
2006 to 2009	300	270	25	275	25	300	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	605
English	92,390	84,545	7,845	89,075	3,315	91,900	485
French	1,090	955	135	1,025	70	1,065	0
Non-official language	5,085	4,595	495	4,805	285	4,990	100
Aboriginal	85	85	0	85	0	85	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,005	4,510	495	4,720	280	4,900	100
English and French	80	80	0	80	0	80	0
English and non-official language	170	160	0	170	0	165	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	98,815	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,215	605
English	97,620	89,260	8,360	94,015	3,605	97,035	585
French	1,015	885	130	960	60	995	0
English and French	65	60	0	60	0	65	0
Neither English nor French	120	120	0	115	0	115	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	98,820	90,325	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,215	605
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,925	18,755	170	18,830	90	18,920	0
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	27,595	26,585	1,005	27,170	425	27,510	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	52,300	44,985	7,315	49,150	3,150	51,780	520
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,750	31,860	2,890	33,535	1,220	34,600	155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	8,730	8,040	690	8,385	345	8,695	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	23,575	21,590	1,980	22,780	795	23,470	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	2,445	2,230	220	2,370	80	2,435	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,545	13,130	4,420	15,615	1,930	17,180	370
Bachelor's degree	10,415	8,320	2,090	9,600	815	10,255	155
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	7,135	4,810	2,330	6,015	1,120	6,920	210
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	46,520	45,340	1,175	46,005	515	46,430	85
Education	4,795	3,765	1,030	4,650	140	4,790	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,380	1,305	75	1,350	30	1,375	0
Humanities	2,905	2,550	355	2,725	185	2,870	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,510	4,755	755	5,115	390	5,460	50
Business, management and public administration	9,310	8,305	1,010	8,810	505	9,155	160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,150	1,730	415	1,960	185	2,110	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,350	1,175	175	1,295	60	1,355	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,355	8,670	1,685	9,505	850	10,255	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,580	1,410	175	1,515	70	1,585	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	9,420	8,100	1,315	8,840	580	9,290	125
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,530	3,215	315	3,375	155	3,525	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	98,820	90,325	8,490	95,155	3,665	98,210	605
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	34,645	34,065	575	34,360	285	34,600	40
All industries^{Footnote 54}	64,175	56,265	7,915	60,795	3,380	63,610	565
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,050	1,025	25	1,035	20	1,040	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	245	160	80	220	25	240	0
22 Utilities	780	360	420	545	235	760	20
23 Construction	4,375	4,015	355	4,245	130	4,345	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,545	4,695	850	5,145	395	5,490	55
41 Wholesale trade	2,370	1,970	395	2,140	230	2,310	65
44-45 Retail trade	8,340	7,960	380	8,070	265	8,305	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,090	2,020	70	2,060	35	2,095	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,145	1,040	105	1,075	70	1,145	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,915	1,520	390	1,650	265	1,850	65
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,090	990	100	1,040	50	1,070	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,940	2,480	460	2,750	190	2,905	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	0	25	0	20	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,385	3,270	110	3,335	50	3,380	0
61 Educational services	6,095	4,490	1,605	5,680	410	6,065	30
62 Health care and social assistance	8,610	7,390	1,220	8,130	475	8,490	115
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,855	1,765	95	1,830	30	1,850	0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,805	4,725	75	4,770	35	4,790	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,420	3,280	135	3,355	65	3,420	0
91 Public administration	4,110	3,065	1,040	3,700	410	4,045	70
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	98,820	90,330	8,490	95,155	3,670	98,210	605
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	34,645	34,065	580	34,360	285	34,605	40
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	64,175	56,265	7,915	60,795	3,380	63,610	565
0 Management occupations	6,105	4,275	1,830	4,955	1,150	5,870	235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,795	8,025	770	8,435	365	8,730	65
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,520	2,790	725	3,270	250	3,495	25
3 Health occupations	4,905	3,865	1,045	4,455	455	4,795	115
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,150	6,970	2,180	8,575	575	9,095	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,890	1,855	35	1,875	0	1,890	0
6 Sales and service occupations	16,950	16,605	350	16,810	140	16,935	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,630	7,970	660	8,335	300	8,600	30
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,270	1,215	55	1,240	30	1,270	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,955	2,700	255	2,850	100	2,935	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56