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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Ottawa - Gatineau (partie du Québec / Quebec part)
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 24.2 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
Male	123,960	107,280	16,685	116,125	7,840	123,000	960
Female	131,515	121,740	9,780	128,115	3,405	131,275	245
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,270	1,205
15 to 24 years	41,910	41,875	35	41,895	0	41,910	0
25 to 54 years	140,840	120,430	20,410	132,625	8,215	140,070	770
25 to 34 years	42,930	40,780	2,150	42,455	475	42,915	20
35 to 44 years	44,555	36,705	7,845	41,625	2,930	44,280	270
45 to 54 years	53,360	42,950	10,410	48,540	4,810	52,875	485
55 to 64 years	39,485	34,615	4,870	37,105	2,375	39,180	310
65 years and over	33,245	32,105	1,145	32,610	635	33,125	125
65 to 74 years	21,000	20,105	895	20,505	490	20,885	115
75 years and over	12,245	12,000	250	12,100	145	12,240	10
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
Married or living with a common-law partner	148,295	127,745	20,555	139,260	9,035	147,245	1,050
Married (and not separated)	96,340	82,015	14,320	89,780	6,555	95,500	845
Living common law	51,960	45,730	6,235	49,480	2,480	51,745	215
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	107,180	101,270	5,910	104,975	2,205	107,030	150
Single (never legally married)	73,155	70,425	2,735	72,180	970	73,115	45
Separated	5,145	4,520	630	4,870	275	5,125	20
Divorced	18,165	16,075	2,090	17,425	740	18,090	75
Widowed	10,710	10,255	455	10,490	220	10,700	15
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
Total persons in households with at least one census family	206,530	183,710	22,825	196,590	9,935	205,440	1,085
Married spouses, common-law partners	146,685	126,270	20,415	137,690	8,995	145,635	1,055
Lone parents	16,440	14,420	2,020	15,620	820	16,420	20
Children in families with two parents present	25,605	25,510	100	25,585	20	25,610	0
Children in families with one parent present	12,655	12,540	115	12,635	20	12,650	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	3,220	3,115	105	3,165	60	3,205	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	1,920	1,855	70	1,900	20	1,920	0
Total persons in non-census family households	48,955	45,310	3,640	47,645	1,305	48,835	120
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	2,495	2,400	95	2,460	35	2,495	0
Living with non-relatives only	7,980	7,785	190	7,945	30	7,975	0
Living alone	38,485	35,120	3,360	37,240	1,240	38,360	120
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,240	11,245	254,270	1,205
Economic family persons	207,105	184,250	22,845	197,150	9,950	206,015	1,085
Couple family	174,395	153,860	20,540	165,355	9,045	173,330	1,065
Couple only	65,525	58,950	6,575	62,565	2,955	65,150	375
Couple with children	106,415	92,620	13,795	100,380	6,030	105,740	675
Couple with other relatives only	2,460	2,285	175	2,405	55	2,440	0
Lone-parent family	27,995	25,880	2,115	27,170	825	27,975	20
Female-parent family	20,950	19,705	1,240	20,540	410	20,940	0
Female-parent family with no other relatives	20,345	19,110	1,235	19,935	410	20,340	0
Male-parent family	7,045	6,175	870	6,625	415	7,035	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	6,680	5,835	840	6,260	415	6,665	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	4,710	4,520	190	4,625	85	4,710	0
Persons not in an economic family	48,380	44,760	3,620	47,080	1,290	48,260	120
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,240	11,245	254,275	1,205
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	9,155	8,345	805	8,865	290	9,130	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	4,445	4,080	365	4,305	140	4,445	0
Métis single identity	4,230	3,835	400	4,095	135	4,220	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	115	110	0	115	0	115	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	105	90	0	100	0	105	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	255	235	25	250	10	255	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	246,325	220,670	25,660	235,370	10,960	245,145	1,185
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,240	254,270	1,210
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	2,025	1,810	215	1,950	75	2,015	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	253,450	227,205	26,250	242,290	11,170	252,260	1,195
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,210
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	18,940	17,205	1,730	18,310	630	18,905	35
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	15,415	14,065	1,355	14,925	495	15,390	25
Métis ancestry	3,595	3,180	415	3,450	140	3,580	0
Inuit ancestry	250	245	0	250	0	250	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	236,540	211,805	24,735	225,930	10,615	235,370	1,175
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,210
First generation^{Footnote 26}	29,515	26,980	2,525	28,400	1,115	29,345	165
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	14,175	12,555	1,625	13,470	710	14,085	90
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	211,795	189,475	22,310	202,365	9,425	210,845	945
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	255,480	229,020	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	19,905	18,665	1,240	19,405	500	19,815	95
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	645	560	80	595	50	640	0
Chinese	1,465	1,325	135	1,405	60	1,460	0
Black	6,915	6,530	385	6,815	100	6,880	30
Filipino	345	320	0	335	0	340	0
Latin American	3,245	3,170	75	3,210	0	3,230	0
Arab	4,770	4,425	350	4,605	160	4,740	35
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	1,060	965	90	1,010	45	1,045	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	520	495	30	495	0	520	0
Korean	175	170	0	175	0	175	0
Japanese	155	135	25	160	0	160	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	295	285	0	290	0	290	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	325	295	30	300	20	320	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	235,570	210,350	25,225	224,825	10,745	234,460	1,115
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	255,480	229,015	26,460	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	226,620	202,570	24,050	216,450	10,170	225,580	1,040
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	27,865	25,465	2,400	26,795	1,065	27,710	160
Before 1981	6,045	5,150	890	5,530	515	5,955	95
1981 to 1990	3,710	3,280	430	3,515	195	3,685	25
1991 to 2000	6,885	6,265	620	6,670	215	6,855	0
2001 to 2009	9,365	8,910	450	9,225	135	9,345	0
2001 to 2005	5,240	4,905	325	5,145	90	5,235	0
2006 to 2009	4,125	4,000	120	4,075	50	4,110	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
English	33,140	29,050	4,090	31,415	1,730	32,920	220
French	197,280	176,665	20,615	188,485	8,790	196,390	885
Non-official language	22,100	20,540	1,565	21,450	655	22,010	90
Aboriginal	75	65	0	75	0	75	0
Non-Aboriginal	22,030	20,475	1,555	21,380	650	21,935	90
English and French	1,320	1,230	95	1,290	30	1,325	0
English and non-official language	535	505	30	515	0	540	0
French and non-official language	1,025	950	75	1,005	20	1,025	0
English, French and non-official language	75	70	0	75	0	75	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	255,480	229,015	26,460	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
English	41,525	36,730	4,795	39,490	2,035	41,275	250
French	207,750	186,405	21,350	198,655	9,090	206,820	930
English and French	5,210	4,925	290	5,115	100	5,195	0
Neither English nor French	995	960	35	975	0	985	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
No certificate, diploma or degree	53,515	53,010	505	53,225	290	53,465	45
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	55,940	53,210	2,725	54,800	1,135	55,830	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	146,030	122,800	23,230	136,215	9,820	144,975	1,055
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	88,730	81,650	7,080	86,295	2,435	88,560	170
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	33,085	31,670	1,420	32,610	475	33,030	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	44,625	40,400	4,225	43,230	1,390	44,540	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	11,015	9,580	1,435	10,450	570	10,995	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	57,295	41,150	16,150	49,910	7,385	56,415	885
Bachelor's degree	35,020	26,790	8,225	31,840	3,185	34,730	285
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	22,280	14,355	7,925	18,075	4,205	21,685	595
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,275	1,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	109,455	106,215	3,235	108,025	1,425	109,300	155
Education	10,715	9,415	1,300	10,355	355	10,690	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,805	4,530	280	4,730	70	4,805	0
Humanities	9,665	8,455	1,210	9,170	490	9,625	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,965	14,685	4,275	16,970	1,990	18,705	255
Business, management and public administration	35,840	29,595	6,240	33,035	2,800	35,640	200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,915	3,865	1,055	4,485	430	4,885	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,485	6,480	2,000	7,710	780	8,455	30
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	25,065	21,395	3,670	23,445	1,620	24,910	160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,370	2,060	310	2,300	70	2,365	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	15,895	13,705	2,190	14,870	1,020	15,585	310
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,280	8,590	690	9,105	175	9,275	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	30	25	0	30	0	30	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	255,480	229,020	26,465	244,235	11,245	254,270	1,205
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	66,200	65,365	835	65,880	320	66,170	25
All industries^{Footnote 54}	189,280	163,655	25,630	178,355	10,920	188,100	1,180
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	660	610	50	640	25	665	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	245	195	50	210	30	240	0
22 Utilities	1,015	650	360	830	185	1,005	15
23 Construction	13,675	12,770	905	13,260	410	13,570	100
31-33 Manufacturing	6,400	5,515	885	6,040	355	6,350	45
41 Wholesale trade	3,135	2,770	370	2,960	175	3,110	25
44-45 Retail trade	19,950	19,350	605	19,640	310	19,900	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,470	5,080	390	5,295	170	5,465	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,485	2,805	680	3,180	305	3,460	25
52 Finance and insurance	4,280	3,645	635	3,940	335	4,240	45
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,230	1,970	260	2,065	160	2,180	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,740	7,325	2,420	8,380	1,360	9,510	230
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	85	0	85	0	90	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	8,205	7,985	220	8,105	100	8,200	0
61 Educational services	15,100	13,210	1,895	14,495	605	15,055	45
62 Health care and social assistance	20,105	18,305	1,805	19,385	720	19,865	245
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,345	5,075	275	5,255	95	5,340	0
72 Accommodation and food services	11,385	11,315	70	11,335	55	11,370	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,520	6,980	540	7,255	270	7,510	0
91 Public administration	51,235	38,020	13,215	46,000	5,240	50,985	255
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	255,480	229,015	26,465	244,235	11,240	254,275	1,205
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	66,195	65,365	835	65,875	320	66,175	25
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	189,285	163,650	25,630	178,360	10,925	188,105	1,180
0 Management occupations	18,455	11,305	7,150	14,460	3,990	18,070	385
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	42,995	38,430	4,565	41,365	1,630	42,900	100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	14,270	9,905	4,370	12,660	1,615	14,195	75
3 Health occupations	10,430	8,820	1,615	9,610	820	10,110	320
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	27,100	22,005	5,095	25,145	1,955	26,915	190
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,885	6,265	615	6,730	155	6,875	0
6 Sales and service occupations	43,015	42,130	890	42,605	410	42,950	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	22,080	21,040	1,045	21,800	280	22,040	40
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,385	1,350	35	1,365	20	1,385	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,665	2,405	260	2,615	45	2,665	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56