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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Saint John
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 29.2 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	104,030	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,555	103,325	705
Male	49,755	42,740	7,015	46,045	3,705	49,150	605
Female	54,275	52,225	2,045	53,425	845	54,175	100
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	104,025	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,555	103,325	710
15 to 24 years	16,360	16,335	30	16,355	0	16,365	0
25 to 54 years	52,700	46,275	6,425	49,495	3,205	52,200	500
25 to 34 years	14,770	14,135	635	14,540	230	14,750	25
35 to 44 years	16,855	14,365	2,495	15,725	1,130	16,675	175
45 to 54 years	21,070	17,775	3,295	19,230	1,845	20,775	295
55 to 64 years	17,540	15,555	1,985	16,505	1,040	17,405	140
65 years and over	17,420	16,800	625	17,120	300	17,355	65
65 to 74 years	10,095	9,635	460	9,865	225	10,030	65
75 years and over	7,325	7,165	165	7,260	70	7,325	0
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	104,030	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,555	103,320	705
Married or living with a common-law partner	61,190	53,445	7,745	57,080	4,110	60,535	660
Married (and not separated)	52,040	45,115	6,925	48,340	3,695	51,435	605
Living common law	9,150	8,330	820	8,735	415	9,100	50
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	42,840	41,525	1,315	42,400	440	42,790	50
Single (never legally married)	27,740	27,170	565	27,540	200	27,725	0
Separated	3,300	3,125	175	3,255	45	3,300	0
Divorced	6,150	5,735	420	6,035	115	6,135	25
Widowed	5,650	5,490	155	5,570	80	5,635	0
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	104,025	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,550	103,325	705
Total persons in households with at least one census family	85,960	77,830	8,125	81,720	4,240	85,285	670
Married spouses, common-law partners	60,745	53,020	7,730	56,645	4,105	60,095	650
Lone parents	6,845	6,520	320	6,725	120	6,825	20
Children in families with two parents present	11,220	11,195	25	11,205	0	11,215	0
Children in families with one parent present	4,905	4,880	25	4,905	0	4,905	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	1,330	1,325	0	1,325	0	1,325	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	915	890	0	915	0	915	0
Total persons in non-census family households	18,070	17,135	935	17,755	310	18,040	30
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	885	860	25	875	0	885	0
Living with non-relatives only	3,685	3,550	135	3,635	50	3,685	0
Living alone	13,505	12,730	780	13,245	260	13,475	35
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	104,025	94,970	9,065	99,475	4,555	103,325	705
Economic family persons	85,925	77,800	8,125	81,680	4,250	85,255	675
Couple family	72,815	65,045	7,765	68,700	4,120	72,160	655
Couple only	28,305	25,575	2,730	26,910	1,395	28,095	210
Couple with children	43,030	38,050	4,980	40,320	2,705	42,590	435
Couple with other relatives only	1,480	1,425	55	1,465	20	1,475	0
Lone-parent family	11,005	10,680	325	10,890	115	10,985	20
Female-parent family	8,965	8,775	185	8,905	55	8,955	0
Female-parent family with no other relatives	8,720	8,540	185	8,665	55	8,715	0
Male-parent family	2,040	1,905	140	1,985	65	2,030	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	2,020	1,885	130	1,955	65	2,005	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	2,105	2,070	35	2,095	15	2,105	0
Persons not in an economic family	18,100	17,170	935	17,795	305	18,065	35
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	104,030	94,965	9,065	99,475	4,550	103,325	705
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	1,830	1,730	105	1,760	70	1,835	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	1,055	1,030	30	1,045	0	1,055	0
Métis single identity	525	485	40	500	25	520	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	95	85	0	85	0	95	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	20	25	0	25	0	20	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	135	110	0	105	0	135	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	102,195	93,240	8,960	97,715	4,480	101,495	705
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	104,030	94,965	9,065	99,475	4,555	103,325	705
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	350	310	0	320	0	350	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,675	94,660	9,020	99,155	4,525	102,975	705
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	104,030	94,970	9,065	99,480	4,555	103,325	705
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	3,910	3,760	150	3,840	70	3,910	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	3,330	3,225	105	3,300	30	3,330	0
Métis ancestry	545	510	30	515	30	545	0
Inuit ancestry	85	70	0	70	0	85	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	100,115	91,205	8,915	95,635	4,485	99,415	705
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	104,025	94,965	9,065	99,480	4,555	103,325	705
First generation^{Footnote 26}	5,790	5,215	575	5,420	370	5,695	100
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	7,055	6,375	675	6,615	435	6,990	60
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	91,185	83,375	7,810	87,445	3,745	90,635	545
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	104,030	94,970	9,060	99,475	4,555	103,325	705
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	3,295	3,110	190	3,190	105	3,265	25
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	375	325	50	330	40	370	0
Chinese	545	515	30	520	25	545	0
Black	890	855	40	890	0	890	0
Filipino	140	130	0	140	0	140	0
Latin American	195	200	0	200	0	200	0
Arab	445	430	0	430	0	440	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	115	90	25	105	0	105	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	65	65	0	65	0	65	0
Korean	365	360	0	360	0	360	0
Japanese	50	50	0	55	0	50	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	95	85	0	95	0	95	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	100,735	91,860	8,875	96,285	4,450	100,055	680
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	104,030	94,970	9,060	99,475	4,550	103,320	705
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	98,440	89,915	8,520	94,235	4,200	97,825	615
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	4,870	4,345	525	4,525	345	4,780	90
Before 1981	2,325	2,040	280	2,130	190	2,290	35
1981 to 1990	440	345	95	385	55	435	0
1991 to 2000	590	535	55	545	40	575	0
2001 to 2009	1,210	1,120	85	1,155	55	1,175	30
2001 to 2005	585	535	55	540	40	560	25
2006 to 2009	630	590	35	610	0	620	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	104,030	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,550	103,325	710
English	95,995	87,605	8,390	91,770	4,230	95,375	625
French	4,810	4,370	440	4,625	185	4,775	35
Non-official language	2,940	2,740	200	2,815	130	2,890	45
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,930	2,725	195	2,800	130	2,880	50
English and French	185	160	25	180	0	185	0
English and non-official language	85	85	0	85	0	90	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	104,030	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,555	103,325	705
English	99,340	90,720	8,620	94,965	4,375	98,675	665
French	4,425	4,010	415	4,250	170	4,385	40
English and French	110	90	0	105	0	110	0
Neither English nor French	155	145	0	155	0	155	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	104,030	94,970	9,060	99,475	4,550	103,320	710
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,815	20,550	265	20,685	130	20,815	0
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	30,710	29,755	955	30,225	480	30,635	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	52,505	44,660	7,845	48,565	3,945	51,875	630
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,295	31,320	3,980	33,570	1,725	35,145	145
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	11,225	9,905	1,315	10,690	535	11,155	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,180	18,865	2,315	20,170	1,010	21,100	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	2,890	2,550	345	2,710	180	2,890	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,210	13,340	3,870	14,990	2,220	16,725	485
Bachelor's degree	12,140	9,815	2,320	10,900	1,235	11,950	190
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	5,075	3,525	1,545	4,095	980	4,775	295
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	104,025	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,555	103,325	705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	51,520	50,305	1,220	50,910	610	51,450	75
Education	4,445	4,025	415	4,355	90	4,425	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,155	1,125	30	1,140	0	1,150	0
Humanities	2,390	2,185	200	2,290	100	2,390	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,200	2,780	420	2,935	265	3,145	55
Business, management and public administration	11,965	10,425	1,545	11,065	905	11,785	180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,355	1,070	285	1,170	185	1,315	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,045	1,735	310	1,955	85	2,035	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,760	10,665	3,100	12,265	1,500	13,615	150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	580	525	60	555	30	580	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	8,465	7,320	1,140	7,870	595	8,300	170
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,140	2,795	345	2,965	180	3,125	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	104,030	94,965	9,060	99,475	4,555	103,325	705
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	31,430	30,995	435	31,260	170	31,415	10
All industries^{Footnote 54}	72,600	63,975	8,625	68,220	4,380	71,905	695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	695	630	65	650	45	685	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	710	480	230	590	120	680	25
22 Utilities	1,600	925	670	1,235	365	1,585	0
23 Construction	5,855	5,000	855	5,440	415	5,765	90
31-33 Manufacturing	5,690	4,150	1,540	4,890	800	5,640	50
41 Wholesale trade	2,945	2,515	425	2,655	290	2,905	40
44-45 Retail trade	9,230	8,910	320	9,095	140	9,200	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,850	2,555	295	2,660	190	2,830	15
51 Information and cultural industries	1,735	1,350	385	1,555	180	1,715	20
52 Finance and insurance	2,475	2,130	345	2,275	205	2,420	50
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,020	890	130	990	25	1,020	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,810	3,055	755	3,320	490	3,695	120
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	105	25	115	0	130	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,180	5,050	130	5,125	60	5,175	0
61 Educational services	4,430	4,075	350	4,330	100	4,425	0
62 Health care and social assistance	9,975	8,980	995	9,455	525	9,805	175
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,305	1,240	65	1,285	0	1,305	0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,605	4,540	65	4,590	15	4,590	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,655	3,420	230	3,540	110	3,635	0
91 Public administration	4,720	3,960	755	4,420	300	4,700	20
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	104,030	94,970	9,065	99,475	4,555	103,320	705
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	31,430	30,990	435	31,255	170	31,420	10
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	72,600	63,975	8,625	68,220	4,380	71,905	700
0 Management occupations	6,465	4,550	1,915	5,315	1,155	6,245	225
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,925	9,980	940	10,400	520	10,825	100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,120	3,735	1,380	4,425	695	5,080	40
3 Health occupations	5,975	5,060	915	5,455	515	5,800	170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,380	7,555	825	8,060	320	8,330	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,390	1,360	25	1,385	0	1,385	0
6 Sales and service occupations	19,395	18,920	475	19,145	255	19,375	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,570	10,260	1,310	11,090	475	11,495	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	965	920	40	945	15	960	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,420	1,625	800	1,990	425	2,405	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56