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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Halifax
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 24.9 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	325,050	293,880	31,175	310,640	14,405	322,750	2,300
Male	155,730	133,860	21,865	144,845	10,880	153,880	1,840
Female	169,325	160,015	9,305	165,800	3,525	168,875	455
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	325,050	293,875	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,750	2,295
15 to 24 years	54,780	54,740	40	54,770	0	54,780	0
25 to 54 years	172,135	150,565	21,570	162,890	9,250	170,875	1,260
25 to 34 years	53,885	51,540	2,340	53,260	625	53,845	45
35 to 44 years	53,930	45,940	7,990	50,595	3,335	53,520	415
45 to 54 years	64,320	53,085	11,235	59,030	5,285	63,515	805
55 to 64 years	50,555	44,005	6,550	46,995	3,555	49,900	660
65 years and over	47,580	44,570	3,010	45,995	1,590	47,200	380
65 to 74 years	28,245	26,185	2,060	27,135	1,110	27,985	260
75 years and over	19,335	18,385	950	18,860	475	19,215	115
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	325,050	293,880	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
Married or living with a common-law partner	185,085	159,785	25,295	172,930	12,150	183,070	2,010
Married (and not separated)	151,220	128,705	22,520	140,365	10,860	149,450	1,775
Living common law	33,860	31,080	2,785	32,565	1,290	33,620	240
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	139,965	134,090	5,875	137,710	2,255	139,680	285
Single (never legally married)	96,880	94,475	2,400	95,985	895	96,795	80
Separated	9,315	8,340	975	8,940	375	9,250	65
Divorced	19,335	17,625	1,710	18,755	575	19,260	70
Widowed	14,440	13,660	780	14,035	400	14,370	75
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	325,050	293,875	31,170	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,300
Total persons in households with at least one census family	254,040	227,195	26,845	241,300	12,740	251,945	2,095
Married spouses, common-law partners	183,625	158,430	25,195	171,540	12,090	181,625	2,005
Lone parents	18,075	16,785	1,290	17,595	475	17,990	85
Children in families with two parents present	31,660	31,560	100	31,620	35	31,655	0
Children in families with one parent present	13,800	13,720	80	13,745	50	13,800	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	3,905	3,835	60	3,860	35	3,890	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	2,980	2,865	115	2,935	50	2,980	0
Total persons in non-census family households	71,005	66,680	4,325	69,345	1,665	70,805	200
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	2,870	2,780	85	2,845	25	2,870	0
Living with non-relatives only	21,355	20,875	485	21,195	155	21,340	0
Living alone	46,785	43,030	3,760	45,305	1,475	46,605	185
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	325,050	293,875	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
Economic family persons	253,930	227,115	26,820	241,205	12,725	251,830	2,095
Couple family	218,190	192,885	25,310	206,055	12,140	216,185	2,005
Couple only	87,985	78,945	9,035	83,545	4,435	87,200	785
Couple with children	126,390	110,360	16,030	118,790	7,595	125,205	1,180
Couple with other relatives only	3,825	3,580	245	3,715	105	3,780	45
Lone-parent family	29,895	28,585	1,310	29,400	500	29,815	85
Female-parent family	24,460	23,665	795	24,180	280	24,410	50
Female-parent family with no other relatives	23,445	22,675	770	23,170	275	23,395	55
Male-parent family	5,440	4,925	515	5,220	215	5,405	35
Male-parent family with no other relatives	5,105	4,620	485	4,905	200	5,070	30
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	5,840	5,640	200	5,755	90	5,830	0
Persons not in an economic family	71,120	66,765	4,350	69,440	1,685	70,920	195
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	325,050	293,880	31,170	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	7,825	7,330	495	7,710	125	7,820	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	4,670	4,360	310	4,610	60	4,660	0
Métis single identity	2,570	2,435	140	2,515	55	2,570	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	220	185	0	220	0	220	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	40	40	0	40	0	40	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	325	315	0	320	0	325	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	317,220	286,545	30,675	302,940	14,285	314,940	2,285
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	325,050	293,875	31,170	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,300
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	1,865	1,770	90	1,840	20	1,860	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	323,190	292,110	31,080	308,805	14,385	320,890	2,300
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	325,050	293,875	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,750	2,300
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	13,990	13,045	945	13,670	320	13,955	35
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	11,210	10,495	715	10,990	220	11,190	25
Métis ancestry	2,610	2,440	170	2,520	85	2,595	10
Inuit ancestry	460	375	85	435	25	460	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	311,060	280,830	30,225	296,975	14,085	308,800	2,260
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	325,050	293,880	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
First generation^{Footnote 26}	34,350	30,515	3,830	32,225	2,120	33,945	405
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	28,275	24,940	3,335	26,475	1,800	27,905	365
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	262,425	238,420	24,000	251,945	10,480	260,895	1,530
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	325,045	293,875	31,170	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	26,975	25,300	1,675	26,180	795	26,840	135
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	3,205	2,850	360	2,970	230	3,150	50
Chinese	3,710	3,450	265	3,575	135	3,675	35
Black	9,915	9,470	440	9,785	125	9,895	15
Filipino	1,005	955	50	975	30	1,005	0
Latin American	865	790	75	865	0	865	0
Arab	4,355	4,125	225	4,265	90	4,340	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	785	745	35	750	35	785	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	1,025	955	75	965	65	1,025	0
Korean	775	715	55	740	35	765	0
Japanese	210	195	20	205	0	210	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	275	265	0	270	0	270	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	850	785	65	810	0	845	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	298,070	268,580	29,495	284,470	13,605	295,915	2,165
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	325,050	293,880	31,170	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	292,010	264,460	27,555	279,620	12,390	290,100	1,915
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	28,685	25,170	3,515	26,745	1,940	28,335	350
Before 1981	11,120	9,315	1,805	10,085	1,030	10,900	220
1981 to 1990	3,345	2,740	600	3,030	315	3,310	30
1991 to 2000	4,835	4,330	505	4,565	275	4,805	35
2001 to 2009	7,720	7,190	535	7,430	295	7,660	60
2001 to 2005	2,855	2,580	280	2,705	155	2,835	25
2006 to 2009	4,865	4,605	255	4,730	135	4,825	35
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	325,050	293,875	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
English	293,750	265,745	28,000	280,905	12,850	291,715	2,035
French	9,075	7,945	1,130	8,690	385	9,035	45
Non-official language	20,055	18,165	1,890	18,960	1,090	19,870	185
Aboriginal	75	75	0	75	0	75	0
Non-Aboriginal	19,975	18,085	1,890	18,890	1,095	19,795	185
English and French	325	310	0	325	0	325	0
English and non-official language	1,595	1,480	110	1,515	80	1,560	0
French and non-official language	205	185	0	210	0	210	0
English, French and non-official language	50	55	0	55	0	50	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	325,050	293,875	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,750	2,295
English	314,835	284,960	29,875	300,890	13,945	312,585	2,245
French	8,845	7,690	1,155	8,470	375	8,805	45
English and French	725	640	85	700	30	720	0
Neither English nor French	640	585	60	590	60	645	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	325,050	293,875	31,170	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	52,125	51,330	795	51,820	305	52,055	75
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	78,370	75,305	3,065	77,205	1,165	78,240	125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	194,550	167,245	27,310	181,615	12,935	192,460	2,095
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	106,905	98,155	8,750	103,560	3,350	106,600	305
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	31,975	29,555	2,425	31,105	875	31,885	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	61,575	57,010	4,555	59,910	1,660	61,445	130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	13,355	11,580	1,770	12,545	810	13,270	85
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	87,650	69,090	18,555	78,055	9,590	85,860	1,785
Bachelor's degree	57,195	47,585	9,610	52,725	4,470	56,345	850
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	30,450	21,505	8,950	25,335	5,115	29,515	935
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	325,050	293,880	31,175	310,645	14,405	322,750	2,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	130,500	126,635	3,860	129,025	1,470	130,295	205
Education	13,595	12,195	1,405	13,135	460	13,560	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,195	5,925	275	6,100	105	6,195	0
Humanities	10,910	9,585	1,320	10,335	570	10,815	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,950	16,165	2,785	17,610	1,345	18,690	265
Business, management and public administration	46,270	39,725	6,545	42,770	3,500	45,600	675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,425	7,715	1,710	8,500	920	9,290	130
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,215	7,920	1,290	8,670	540	9,150	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	38,160	31,635	6,520	35,440	2,720	37,850	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,955	1,750	200	1,885	70	1,950	0
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	27,490	23,400	4,090	25,290	2,200	26,990	500
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,360	11,205	1,155	11,860	500	12,340	20
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	30	20	0	20	0	30	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	325,050	293,875	31,170	310,645	14,405	322,755	2,300
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	85,250	83,295	1,950	84,330	915	85,090	160
All industries^{Footnote 54}	239,805	210,580	29,220	226,315	13,485	237,660	2,140
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,290	1,230	65	1,270	25	1,295	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,145	605	540	770	375	1,105	40
22 Utilities	1,380	1,005	375	1,170	215	1,325	60
23 Construction	14,190	12,875	1,315	13,465	725	14,085	100
31-33 Manufacturing	10,915	9,500	1,420	10,210	705	10,775	135
41 Wholesale trade	8,500	6,995	1,505	7,610	890	8,350	150
44-45 Retail trade	28,710	27,565	1,145	28,240	465	28,640	65
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,345	9,170	1,175	9,845	505	10,310	35
51 Information and cultural industries	6,815	5,705	1,115	6,310	505	6,735	90
52 Finance and insurance	10,760	8,885	1,875	9,770	990	10,460	300
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,510	3,985	520	4,250	260	4,475	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,735	13,440	3,295	14,975	1,760	16,375	360
55 Management of companies and enterprises	165	115	50	135	30	165	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	12,815	12,260	560	12,535	280	12,785	25
61 Educational services	20,620	17,920	2,695	19,415	1,200	20,425	195
62 Health care and social assistance	28,410	25,360	3,060	26,795	1,615	28,080	335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,525	5,375	150	5,455	65	5,505	0
72 Accommodation and food services	16,825	16,625	200	16,710	120	16,805	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,895	9,210	685	9,565	325	9,860	30
91 Public administration	30,245	22,770	7,485	27,810	2,435	30,105	140
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	325,050	293,875	31,170	310,640	14,405	322,755	2,300
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	85,245	83,295	1,950	84,330	920	85,090	155
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	239,805	210,580	29,220	226,315	13,490	237,660	2,145
0 Management occupations	25,390	16,975	8,420	21,180	4,210	24,685	710
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	41,390	37,925	3,470	39,825	1,570	41,040	355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	18,500	14,200	4,300	16,520	1,975	18,305	195
3 Health occupations	17,015	14,000	3,015	15,295	1,720	16,595	420
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	34,055	28,615	5,440	31,995	2,065	33,795	265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,910	7,565	340	7,745	170	7,865	45
6 Sales and service occupations	61,040	59,165	1,870	60,125	915	60,935	105
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	27,660	25,800	1,860	27,005	650	27,615	45
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,500	2,320	180	2,400	95	2,490	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,340	4,015	325	4,225	115	4,330	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56