Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016
Appendix 3.0 Mother tongue and home language, classifications from 2016, 2011 and 2006
Changes have been made to the language classification used in Statistics Canada data products. In this appendix, the 2011 and 2006 classifications are matched to the 2016 classification.
The individual language categories and the language family categories disseminated in 2016 Census data products do not always exist or match those present in 2011 and 2006. In most cases though, the corresponding language family total can be calculated for past years by adding all specific language categories of a language family. For example, the 2016 language family 'Balto-Slavic languages' did not exist in 2011 and 2006, however, the total for this language family can still be calculated for 2011 and 2006 by adding up the 2016 languages listed within this language family.
Please note that in the second part of the question on home language, the respondent had the option of marking the 'No' circle to indicate that there was no other language spoken on a regular basis.
2016 Classification | 2011 Classification | 2006 Classification |
---|---|---|
Official languages | Official languages | Official languages |
English | English | English |
French | French | French |
Non-official languages | Non-official languages | Non-official languages |
Aboriginal languages | Aboriginal languages | Aboriginal languages |
Algonquian languages | Algonquian languages | Algonquian languages |
Blackfoot | Blackfoot | Blackfoot |
Cree-Montagnais languages | Not available | Not available |
Atikamekw | Atikamekw | Atikamekw |
Montagnais (Innu)Appendix 3.0 Note 1 | Innu/Montagnais | Montagnais-NaskapiAppendix 3.0 Note 2 |
Moose Cree | Not available | Not available |
Naskapi | Naskapi | Not available |
Northern East Cree | Not available | Not available |
Plains Cree | Plains Cree | Not available |
Southern East Cree | Not available | Not available |
Swampy Cree | Swampy Cree | Not available |
Woods Cree | Woods Cree | Not available |
Cree, n.o.s. | Cree, n.o.s. | CreeAppendix 3.0 Note 3 |
Eastern Algonquian languages | Not available | Not available |
Malecite | Malecite | Malecite |
Mi'kmaq | Mi'kmaq | Mi'kmaq |
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages | Not available | Not available |
Algonquin | Algonquin | Algonquin |
Ojibway | Ojibway | Ojibway |
Oji-Cree | Oji-Cree | Oji-Cree |
Ottawa (Odawa) | Not available | Not available |
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. | Algonquian languages, n.i.e. | Algonquian languages, n.i.e. |
Athabaskan languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Athapaskan languages | Athapaskan languages |
Northern Athabaskan languages | Not available | Not available |
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) | Wetsuweten | Not available |
Beaver | Beaver | Not available |
Carrier | Carrier | Carrier |
Chilcotin | Chilcotin | Chilcotin |
DeneAppendix 3.0 Note 5 | DeneAppendix 3.0 Note 5 | Dene |
Dogrib (Tlicho)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Tlicho (Dogrib)Appendix 3.0 Note 6 | Dogrib |
Gwich'in | Gwich'inAppendix 3.0 Note 6 | Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux) |
Sarsi (Sarcee)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Sarcee | Not available |
Sekani | Sekani | Not available |
Slavey-Hare languages | Not available | Not available |
North Slavey (Hare) | North Slavey (Hare)Appendix 3.0 Note 6 | North Slave (Hare) |
South Slavey | South SlaveyAppendix 3.0 Note 6 | South Slave |
Slavey, n.o.s. | Slavey, n.o.s. | Not available |
Tahltan languages | Not available | Not available |
Kaska (Nahani) | Kaska (Nahani) | Not available |
Tahltan | Tahltan | Not available |
Tutchone languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 7 | Not available | Not available |
Northern Tutchone | Northern Tutchone | Not available |
Southern Tutchone | Southern Tutchone | Not available |
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Athapaskan languages, n.i.e. | Athapaskan languages, n.i.e. |
Haida | Haida | Haida |
Inuit languages | Inuit languages | InuktitutAppendix 3.0 Note 8 |
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)Appendix 3.0 Note 9 Appendix 3.0 Note 10 | Inuinnaqtun | Inuinnaqtun |
Inuktitut | Inuktitut | Not available |
Inuit languages, n.i.e. | Inuit languages, n.i.e. | Inuktitut, n.i.e.Appendix 3.0 Note 11 |
Iroquoian languages | Iroquoian languages | Iroquoian languages |
Cayuga | Cayuga | Not available |
Mohawk | Mohawk | Mohawk |
Oneida | Oneida | Not available |
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. | Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. | Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. |
Kutenai | Kutenai | Kutenai |
Michif | Michif | Not available |
Salish languages | Salish languages | Salish languages |
Comox | Not available | Not available |
Halkomelem | Halkomelem | Not available |
Lillooet | Lillooet | Not available |
Okanagan | Okanagan | Not available |
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) | Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)Appendix 3.0 Note 6 | Shuswap |
Squamish | Squamish | Not available |
Straits | Straits | Not available |
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) | Thompson (Ntlakapamux) | Thompson (Ntlakapamux) |
Salish languages, n.i.e. | Salish languages, n.i.e. | Salish languages, n.i.e. |
Siouan languages | Siouan languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 6 | Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) |
Dakota | Dakota | Not available |
Stoney | Stoney | Not available |
Siouan languages, n.i.e. | Siouan languages, n.i.e. | Not available |
Tlingit | Tlingit | Tlingit |
Tsimshian languages | Tsimshian languages | Tsimshian languages |
Gitxsan (Gitksan)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Gitksan | Gitksan |
Nisga'a | Nisga'a | Nisga'a |
Tsimshian | Tsimshian | Tsimshian |
Wakashan languages | Wakashan languages | Wakashan languages |
Haisla | Haisla | Not available |
Heiltsuk | Heiltsuk | Not available |
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) | Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) | Not available |
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)Appendix 3.0 Note 6 | Nootka |
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. | Wakashan languages, n.i.e. | Wakashan languages, n.i.e. |
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.Appendix 3.0 Note 12 | Aboriginal languages, n.i.e. | Aboriginal languages, n.i.e. |
Non-Aboriginal languages | Non-Aboriginal languages | Non-Aboriginal languages |
Afro-Asiatic languages | Afro-Asiatic languages | Afro-Asiatic languages |
Berber languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Berber languages (Kabyle) | Berber languages (Kabyle) |
Kabyle | Not available | Not available |
Berber languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
Cushitic languages | Cushitic languages | Cushitic languages |
Bilen | Not available | Not available |
Oromo | Oromo | Oromo |
Somali | Somali | Somali |
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
Semitic languages | Semitic languages | Semitic languages |
Amharic | Amharic | Amharic |
Arabic | Arabic | Arabic |
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | Not available | Not available |
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic | Not available | Not available |
Harari | Not available | Not available |
Hebrew | Hebrew | Hebrew |
Maltese | Maltese | Maltese |
Tigrigna | Tigrigna | Tigrigna |
Semitic languages, n.i.e. | Semitic languages, n.i.e. | Semitic languages, n.i.e. |
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. | Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. | Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. |
Austro-Asiatic languages | Austro-Asiatic languages | Austro-Asiatic languages |
Khmer (Cambodian) | Khmer (Cambodian) | Khmer (Cambodian) |
Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e | Not available | Not available |
Austronesian languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Malayo-Polynesian languages | Malayo-Polynesian languages |
Bikol | Bikol | Not available |
Cebuano | Not available | Not available |
Fijian | Fijian | Not available |
Hiligaynon | Not available | Not available |
Ilocano | Ilocano | Ilocano |
Malagasy | Malagasy | Not available |
Malay | Malay | Malay |
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Pampango | Pampango |
Pangasinan | Pangasinan | Not available |
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) | Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) | Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) |
Waray-Waray | Not available | Not available |
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Malayo-Polynesian languages, n.i.e. | Malayo-Polynesian languages, n.i.e. |
Creole languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Creoles | Creoles |
Haitian Creole | Not available | Not available |
Creole, n.o.s. | Not available | Not available |
Creole languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
Dravidian languages | Dravidian languages | Dravidian languages |
Kannada | Kannada | Kannada |
Malayalam | Malayalam | Malayalam |
Tamil | Tamil | Tamil |
Telugu | Telugu | Telugu |
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. | Dravidian languages, n.i.e. | Dravidian languages, n.i.e. |
Hmong-Mien languages | Not available | Not available |
Indo-European languages | Not available | Not available |
Albanian | Albanian | Not available |
Armenian | Armenian | Armenian |
Balto-Slavic languages | Not available | Not available |
Baltic languages | Baltic languages | Baltic languages |
Latvian | Latvian | Latvian |
Lithuanian | Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
Slavic languages | Slavic languages | Slavic languages |
BelarusanAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Belarusian (Byelorussian)Appendix 3.0 Note 6 | Belarusan (Byelorussian) |
Bosnian | Bosnian | Bosnian |
Bulgarian | Bulgarian | Bulgarian |
Croatian | Croatian | Croatian |
Czech | Czech | Czech |
Macedonian | Macedonian | Macedonian |
Polish | Polish | Polish |
Russian | Russian | Russian |
Serbian | Serbian | Serbian |
Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatian |
Slovak | Slovak | Slovak |
Slovene (Slovenian)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Slovenian | Slovenian |
Ukrainian | Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
Slavic languages, n.i.e. | Slavic languages, n.i.e. | Slavic languages, n.i.e. |
Celtic languages | Celtic languages | Celtic languages |
Scottish Gaelic | Gaelic languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 13 | Gaelic languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 13 |
Welsh | Welsh | Welsh |
Celtic languages, n.i.e.Appendix 3.0 Note 14 | Celtic languages, n.i.e. | Celtic languages, n.i.e. |
Germanic languages | Germanic languages | Germanic languages |
Afrikaans | Afrikaans | Not available |
Danish | Danish | Danish |
Dutch | Dutch | Dutch |
Frisian | Frisian | Frisian |
German | German | German |
Icelandic | Icelandic | Icelandic |
Norwegian | Norwegian | Norwegian |
Swedish | Swedish | Swedish |
Vlaams (Flemish)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Flemish | Flemish |
Yiddish | Yiddish | Yiddish |
Germanic languages, n.i.e. | Germanic languages, n.i.e. | Germanic languages, n.i.e.Appendix 3.0 Note 15 |
Greek | Greek | Greek |
Indo-Iranian languages | Indo-Iranian languages | Indo-Iranian languages |
Indo-Aryan languages | Indo-Aryan languages | Not available |
Bengali | Bengali | Bengali |
Gujarati | Gujarati | Gujarati |
Hindi | Hindi | Hindi |
Kashmiri | Not available | Not available |
Konkani | Konkani | Konkani |
Marathi | Marathi | Marathi |
Nepali | Nepali | Not available |
Oriya (Odia) | Not available | Not available |
Punjabi (Panjabi)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Panjabi (Punjabi) | Panjabi (Punjabi) |
Sindhi | Sindhi | Sindhi |
Sinhala (Sinhalese) | Sinhala (Sinhalese) | Sinhala (Sinhalese) |
Urdu | Urdu | Urdu |
Iranian languages | Iranian languages | Iranian languages |
Kurdish | Kurdish | Kurdish |
Pashto | Pashto | Pashto |
Persian (Farsi) | Persian (Farsi) | Persian (Farsi) |
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. | Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. | Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. |
Italic (Romance) languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Romance languages | Romance languages |
Catalan | Catalan | Not available |
Italian | Italian | Italian |
Portuguese | Portuguese | Portuguese |
Romanian | Romanian | Romanian |
Spanish | Spanish | Spanish |
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Romance languages, n.i.e. | Romance languages, n.i.e. |
Japanese | Japanese | Japanese |
Kartvelian languages | Not available | Not available |
Georgian | Georgian | Not available |
Korean | Korean | Korean |
Mongolic languages | Not available | Not available |
Mongolian | Mongolian | Not available |
Niger-Congo languages | Niger-Congo languages | Niger-Congo languages |
Akan (Twi) | Akan (Twi) | Akan (Twi) |
Bamanankan | Bamanankan | Not available |
Edo | Edo | Edo |
Ewe | Ewe | Not available |
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) | Not available | Not available |
Ga | Ga | Not available |
Ganda | Ganda | Not available |
Igbo | Igbo | Igbo |
Lingala | Lingala | Lingala |
Rundi (Kirundi) | Rundi (Kirundi) | Rundi (Kirundi) |
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) | Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) |
Shona | Shona | Shona |
Swahili | Swahili | Swahili |
Wolof | Wolof | Wolof |
Yoruba | Not available | Not available |
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. | Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. | Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. |
Nilo-Saharan languages | Not available | Not available |
Dinka | Not available | Not available |
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
Sign languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Non-verbal languages | Non-verbal languages |
American Sign Language | American Sign Language | American Sign Language |
Quebec Sign Language | Quebec Sign Language | Quebec Sign Language |
Sign languages, n.i.e | Sign languages, n.i.e | Sign languages, n.i.e |
Sino-Tibetan languages | Sino-Tibetan languages | Sino-Tibetan languages |
Chinese languages | Chinese languages | Chinese languages |
Cantonese | Cantonese | Cantonese |
Hakka | Hakka | Hakka |
Mandarin | Mandarin | Mandarin |
Min Dong | Not available | Not available |
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)Appendix 3.0 Note 16 | Not available | Not available |
Wu (Shanghainese)Appendix 3.0 Note 4 | Shanghainese | Shanghainese |
Chinese, n.o.s. | Chinese, n.o.s.Appendix 3.0 Note 17 | Chinese, n.o.s.Appendix 3.0 Note 17 |
Chinese languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
Tibeto-Burman languages | Not available | Not available |
Burmese | Burmese | Not available |
Karenic languages | Not available | Not available |
Tibetan | Tibetan languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 18 | Tibetan languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 18 |
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
Tai-Kadai languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Tai languages | Tai languages |
Lao | Lao | Lao |
Thai | Thai | Thai |
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e | Not available | Not available |
Turkic languages | Turkic languages | Turkic languages |
Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani |
Turkish | Turkish | Turkish |
Uyghur | Not available | Not available |
Uzbek | Not available | Not available |
Turkic languages, n.i.e. | Turkic languages, n.i.e. | Turkic languages, n.i.e. |
Uralic languagesAppendix 3.0 Note 4 | Finno-Ugric languages | Finno-Ugric languages |
Estonian | Estonian | Estonian |
Finnish | Finnish | Finnish |
Hungarian | Hungarian | Hungarian |
Uralic languages, n.i.e. | Not available | Not available |
Other languages, n.i.e.Appendix 3.0 Note 19 | Other languages | Other languages |
n.i.e. = not included elsewhere n.o.s. = not otherwise specified
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